Aesthetic Guidelines: Paul Gipe & Assoc. Design As If People Matter

Increasing Acceptance #1 “Your Own Pigs Don’t Stink” Jutland, Denmark

Public Opinion Surveys “Beauty is in the Eye of the Beholder” True, But Most People Agree on “Beauty” Broad Support ~ 70%-90% On Both Sides of the Atlantic In the Abstract! Benefits Global Impacts Local Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Paul Gipe, wind-works.org Acceptance of Wind Energy Source: L. Arkesteijn, Energy Connection

Power Plant Acceptance Thayer, Consumer Attitude and Choice NuclearFossilBiomassWind 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Acceptors NIMBYs Rejectors Neutral Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Paul Gipe, wind-works.org Power Plant Acceptance Thayer, R. Consumer Attitude and Choice # # # # " " " " ! ! ! ! Visual QualityHealth & SafetyEnvironmental ImpactOverall Ratings WIND BIOMASS FOSSIL NUCLEAR Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Wind Turbines are Often Not Single Objects on the Landscape

Increasing Acceptance #2 Minimize Wind’s Footprint Physical--Roads, Foundations, Buildings Environmental & Visual Seek Harmony with Neighbors & the Environment Wind as a part of the Landscape Not a Wind Landscape as in California NIMBY to POOL

Aesthetic Design--Not New Idea Paul Gipe & Assoc. CalPoly 1984

Provide Distinct Visual Units Paul Gipe & Assoc. CalPoly 1984

Keep Ancillary Structures Off Hills & Ridges Paul Gipe & Assoc.Chris Blandford Assoc.

Aesthetic Design Provide Visual Uniformity Turbine, Tower, Color, Direction of Rotation Keep Them Spinning Remove Inoperative Turbines Avoid Clutter Avoid Obstruction Marking Avoid Billboards & Logos Bury Power Lines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Aesthetic Design (Continued) Always Dress Them Properly Control Erosion Avoid Steep Slopes Harmonize Ancillary Structures Inform Public Use Proper Proportions Use Open Spacing Be a Good Neighbor Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Provide Visual Uniformity

Keep Them Spinning Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Keep Them Clean Paul Gipe & Assoc. Use a Drip Pan or a Diaper (Nappie)

Bury All Intra-Project Lines Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Bury All Intra-Project Lines Montefalcone, Italy Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Avoid Visual Clutter Paul Gipe & Assoc., 2003, with Telephoto Lens

Avoid “Industrialization” Paul Gipe & Assoc., 2003

Avoid Mixing Types Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Use Open Spacing Don’t Get Greedy Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Remove Dead Turbines

Remove Headless Horsemen Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Dress for Success Nacelle Covers Nose Cones Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Avoid Cell (Mobile) Phones Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Minimize Roads Use Existing Roads Use Existing Tracks Minimize Width Minimize Radius Harden Where Needed

... Or Eliminate Roads Paul Gipe & Assoc.

Minimize Physical Footprint Paul Gipe & Assoc.... Especially in Arid Terrain

Avoid Steep Slopes Paul Gipe & Assoc.