Generation Technologies in a Carbon-constrained World Steve Specker President & CEO October 2005
2 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Objectives Provide an objective and factual framework for discussing generation technologies and investment decisions in a carbon-constrained world
3 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Framework Overview Levelized cost of electricity –Standard EPRI methodology –2004 costs and $’s Two key uncertainties –Future “cost” of CO 2 –Future price of natural gas Two technology portfolios –2010 time-period –2020 time-period
4 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Comparative Costs of Generating Options Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh
5 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Pulverized Coal in 2010 Time Period Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh PC w/o cap
6 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Natural Gas Combined Cycle in 2010 Time Period Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh
7 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Natural Gas Price Volatility…A Huge Issue
8 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Future Natural Gas Prices…a Key Uncertainty Prices can range from the Ceiling Price (oil) to the Floor Price (coal) Gas prices between 2005 and 2007 will likely be set at the Ceiling Price Post-2007 the issue is debatable, and dependent upon outlook for LNG $/MMBTU ActualProjected Ceiling Price Range Floor Price Potential Range in Henry Hub Gas Prices (Nominal $)
9 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Comparative Costs of 2010 Generating Options Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh PC w/o cap $6/mmbtu will be used as floor price for natural gas
10 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle in Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh PC w/o cap IGCC w/o cap
11 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PC vs. IGCC with Improvements Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Base IGCC COE Gap between COE for IGCC and PC Base PC COE
12 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PC vs. IGCC with Improvements Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Base IGCC COE Gap between COE for IGCC and PC Base PC COE 1.Use more efficient, but higher cost IGCC
13 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PC vs. IGCC with Improvements Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Base IGCC COE Gap between COE for IGCC and PC Base PC COE 1.Use more efficient, but higher cost IGCC 2.Eliminate spare gasifier
14 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. PC vs. IGCC with Improvements Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Base IGCC COE Remaining gap between COE for IGCC and PC Base PC COE 1.More efficient, but higher cost IGCC 2.Eliminate spare gasifier 3.Larger, more efficient gas turbine
15 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. U.S. Wind Plant Capacity Factors, Sites Ranked by Increasing Capacity Factors Capacity Factor, % Source: EIA; EPRI Program 67 Newsletter, Energy Markets and Generation Response – Update on New Power Plants, September 2005
16 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Wind Generation in 2010 Time Period Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh 110
17 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Wind Generation in 2010 Time Period Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh 110
18 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Cost Sensitivities of Future Nuclear Generation ,7002,0002,500 Capital Cost, $/kW Cost of Electricity, $/MWh
19 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Nuclear Generation
20 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Wind Nuclear Biomass Non-CO 2 Emitting Technologies in 2010 Time Period
21 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Comparative Costs of 2010 Generating Options Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh CF Nuclear PC w/o cap IGCC w/o cap Biomass
22 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. U. S. Capacity Additions… 2005 to 2010 Over 78 GW of New Capacity
23 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. U. S. Capacity Additions by Year and Technology, 1999 to Capacity, MW
24 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible in © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
25 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: Pulverized Coal w/o Capture Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh PC w/o cap 2020 PC w/o cap 2010
26 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: IGCC w/o Capture Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh IGCC w/o cap 2010 IGCC, w/o cap 2020
27 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: PC with capture/transport/storage Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh PC w/o cap 2020 PC w/cap/t/s 2020
28 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: IGCC with capture/transport/storage Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh IGCC, w/o cap 2020 IGCC w/cap/t/s 2020
29 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: Comparison of IGCC and PC Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh IGCC, w/o cap 2020 IGCC w/cap/t/s 2020 PC w/cap/t/s 2020 PC w/o cap 2020
30 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: Natural Gas Combined Cycle Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh (2010) (2020)
31 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: Wind Generation Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh CF in 2020 CF in 2010
32 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: Biomass Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Biomass Biomass 2020
33 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: Comparative Costs in Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Nuclear Wind Biomass IGCC w/cap/t/s PC w/cap/t/s
34 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Comparative Costs in Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh CF Nuclear PC w/o cap IGCC w/o cap Biomass
35 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. What’s Possible: Comparative Costs in Cost of CO 2, $/metric ton Levelized Cost of Electricity, $/MWh Nuclear Wind Biomass IGCC w/cap/t/s PC w/cap/t/s An Extraordinary Opportunity to Develop a Low-carbon Portfolio
36 © 2005 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. Closing Thoughts Four key uncertainties impacting near-term decisions on new generation: –Future cost of CO 2 –Future price of natural gas –Spent nuclear fuel storage –CO 2 capture and storage Extraordinary opportunity to develop and demonstrate a very low emissions portfolio of generation technologies for operation by Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity