Exploring in Modules, Module 4

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Exploring in Modules, Module 4 Module 4 The Brain Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4 Nervous System Nervous System The communication system for the body Two main divisions: Central nervous system (CNS) the brain and the spinal cord. 1,400 grams weighs the human adult brain Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Two parts: Somatic: voluntary activities Autonomic: involuntary Sympathetic – for emergencies Parasympathetic – to calm the body; homeostasis Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Not the Mind…but never “never mind the mind”. The Brain Not the Mind…but never “never mind the mind”. Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4 Interesting Points 1/45th of our weight is brain. Elephants: 1/600th Marmosets: 1/25th Exploring in Modules, Module 4

How do we know of the brain’s functions and parts? Clinical observation – damaged parts. Manipulate the brain – electrically, chemically, or magnetically stimulate or sedate. EEG – electroencephlogram CT scan – computed tomography PET scan – positron emission tomography MRI – magnetic resonance imaging Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Lower - Level Brain Structures The Brainstem The Thalamus The Cerebellum The Limbic System The Amygdala The Hypothalamus Exploring in Modules, Module 4

The Brainstem and Thalamus BS – Reticular formation “netlike” stimulated awake; severed coma Thalmus gets all the info from senses cept smell Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4 Cerebellum means “little brain” – non-verbal learning/ coordinates voluntary movement Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4 The Limbic System At the border = limbic Hyppocampus – memory Amygdala – aggression Hypothalumus – hunger, thirst, sex drive, body temp, pleasure centre Exploring in Modules, Module 4

The Major Endocrine Glands Exploring in Modules, Module 3

Rat with an Implanted Electrode Hypothalumus – pleasure centre Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4 The Cerebral Cortex Structures of the Cortex Functions of the http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/flash/hom.html Motor Functions Sensory Functions Association Functions Language Brain Reorganization Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Subdivisions of the Cortex Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Motor and Sensory Cortexes Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Areas of the Cortex in Four Mammals Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Specialization and Integration in Language Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Brain Activity when Hearing, Seeing, and Speaking Words Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4 Our Divided Brains Splitting the Brain Studying Hemispheric Differences in the Intact Brain Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4 Right versus Left Left Brain Logical Sequential Rational Analytical Objective Looks at parts Right Brain Random Intuitive Holistic Synthesizing Subjective Looks at wholes Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Exploring in Modules, Module 4

Testing the Divided Brain Exploring in Modules, Module 4