The Spanish Civil War (17 July April 1939)

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Presentation transcript:

The Spanish Civil War (17 July 1936 - 1 April 1939)

Spanish Civil War 1936-39 1. Dates of events 6. Significance 2. What happened Spanish Civil War 1936-39 5. British public opinion – majority/minority 3. Reaction of British govt. 4. Reaction of French govt.

Spanish Civil War What you will need to know Who the 2 sides in the war were Foreign intervention - why - actions taken - impact on war - impact on diplomatic relations - importance for powers What you don’t need to know Spanish history up to war Details of events in Spain Outcome for Spain

2 Sides in Spain Landowners Peasants & town workers Catholic church POPULAR FRONT – REPUBLICAN (L.W.) Government NATIONALISTS (R.W.) Rebels Landowners Catholic church Army Monarchists Afraid of govt reforms Got 33.2% of vote in 1936 Policy – rebel against elected govt, afraid of revolution and strikes, want to keep their way of life Leader – General Franco Peasants & town workers Socialists Communists Trade unions Liberals Left wing coalition (Libs, Socialists & Communists elected with 34.3% in 1936 Policy – distribution of land, reform of inefficient army, reform of over powerful church (Azana reforms)

The 2 Sides 2 Sides balanced in resources Foreign powers intervened until the point of exhaustion Bulk of population, important agricultural and industrial resources on Republics side (LW) Republic probably would have won had it not been for foreign intervention

Foreign Intervention GERMANY SUPPORT Franco (RW) 30 Junker planes flew troops from Morocco Grew in confidence and quantity as war progressed. Provided troops – up to 10000 at a time, tanks, aircraft, warships Britain and France did not oppose WHY Ideological - Crusade against Bolshevism(LW) – support fascism Military - Practice ground for new military tactics & technology Political - Break Stresa – Win Mussolini, aid Anchluss Economic - Spanish iron ore

Foreign Intervention ITALY SUPPORT Given readily for Franco RW Troops up to 50,000 at a time Plus considerable equipment – aircraft, tanks, warships Direct involvement 1937 onwards WHY? Ideological - Mussolini wanted to see Fascism expand in Europe Military - Wanted naval bases in Balearics Political - Boost domestic prestige

Foreign Intervention RUSSIA SUPPORT Given but limited for Republic LW – he faced 2 other threats- Japan and Germany Provided aircraft, tanks, military advisers WHY? Ideological - Anti-fascist Political - Wanted to prolong war divide Europe - Advance international Communism

International Brigades 59,380 volunteers from fifty-five countries served Fought on side of Republic (RW) Saw fight as crusade against fascism 9,934 (16 per cent) died and 7,686 (12.9 per cent) were badly wounded.