Matter REVIEW CONCEPTS

Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space.

Matter is permanent. It cannot be manufactured or destroyed. Before reaction: 8 Red and 8 WhiteAfter reaction: 8 Red and 8 White

Matter can be changed in two ways 1. Physical Change 2. Chemical Change

Physical VS. Chemical Change New chemicals are formed (products) Not easily reversed Chemical Changes Often changes of state Change in physical appearance only (i.e. ripping a piece of paper) Often easily reversed Physical Changes

Matter exists in three states.

Solids Solids are made of atoms or molecules that are packed tightly together. They have very little movement. 1.Definite shape 2.Definite volume 3.Cannot be compressed Examples: Wood Iron rods Sheet metal Concrete Glass Plastic Drywall

Liquids Liquids allow more movement as molecules are further apart. 1.Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container 2.Definite volume 3.Cannot be compressed Examples: Water Solvents Oil Paint Acids Refrigerant liquids

Gases Gases allow a lot of movement as molecules are very far apart. 1.Indefinite shape - takes the shape of its container 2.Indefinite volume – takes the volume of the container 3.Can be compressed Examples: Oxygen Steam Acetylene Air (made of many different types of gases)

Matter can change states. Due to and increase or decrease in temperature.

Phase changes SOLID TO LIQUIDLIQUID TO SOLID

Phase changes LIQUID TO GASGAS TO LIQUID

Phase changes SOLID TO GASGAS TO SOLID

Phase Changes Elements change phases based on temperature Every element has a different temperature where it will change state. So we know the temperatures for a substance like water? What temperature does it freeze? What temperature does it evaporate? How is this different for other substances?

Temperature and Phase Changes Melting Point – Temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid Freezing Point – Same as melting point. Referred to this during solidification Boiling Point – Temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas SubstanceMelting Point / Freezing Point Boiling Point Water0 ⁰C100 ⁰C Copper1083 ⁰C2567 ⁰C Aluminum660 ⁰C2767 ⁰C Polyethylene ⁰CN/A - Decomposes Dry Ice (CO 2 )-78 ⁰C-57 ⁰C