The Industrial Revolution ( ) World Themes Mrs. Méndez

Day 1: Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse? How did a technological revolution transform economics and society for better and for worse? A lithograph depicting four major inventions of the 19th century: the steam press, electric telegraph, locomotive, and steamboat.

Industrial England: “Workshop of the World” Why did industrialization begin in Britain first? “That nation of shopkeepers!” - Napoleon Bonaparte "une nation de boutiquiers"

Why did industrialization begin in Britain? CHANGES IN FARMING The Enclosure Movement

Enclosure Lands Today Why did industrialization begin here first? CHANGES IN FARMING

Why did industrialization begin in Britain? RESOURCES & INFRASTRUCTURE Natural Resources and Infrastructure Metals, Woolens, and Canals

CANALS: Britain’s earliest transportation infrastructure Why did industrialization begin here first? RESOURCES & INFRASTRUCTURE

COALFIELDS and INDUSTRIAL AREAS Coal: More powerful than water Iron: More powerful than wood Why did industrialization begin here first? NATURAL RESOURCES

Industrial England: Why did industrialization begin here first? Young Coal Miners Child Labor - “hurriers”

Homework: Due Friday, 10/18 The Industrial Revolution impacted every aspect of life in Western Europe and the United States. Directions: As you read the texts about the Industrial Revolution, CUSH (circle, underline, star, highlight) and take Cornell Notes. Remember that any handwritten notes can be used for an open- note quiz. TERMS: Be sure you are able to identify and explain the significance of the terms as they relate to the Industrial Revolution.

Day 2: Was the Industrial Revolution a blessing or a curse? Factors that aided industrial growth Changes in farming and human innovation (improved methods, enclosure, etc.) Factors for British suitability for industrial change Rise in population

Crop Rotation Breeding Animals Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill Human Innovation IMPROVED FARMING METHODS

Jethro Tull’s Seed Drill Human Innovation NOT Jethro Tull - The British Rock Band

Richard Arkwright “Pioneer of the Factory System” INNOVATIONS and ENTREPRENEURS The Water Frame (1764)

James Hargreaves’s Spinning Jenny (1764) Changes in Technology: Weaving John Kay’s Flying Shuttle doubled weaving production

Robert Fulton’s Steamboat Changes in Technology: STEAM James Watt’s Steam Engine (1769)

STEEL: Bessemer process (1856) stronger, more flexible

Rise in Industry and Capitalism Changes in Technology: STEAM Stephenson’s Steam Locomotive

Rise in Industry and Capitalism Rise in Industry and Capitalism Impact of the Locomotive

Railroads on the Continent

British Suitability for Industrialization

Farm to Factory Improved Methods = More efficient farming = Smaller work load = URBANIZATION Need for less workers =

RISE IN POPULATION Population Explosion (in millions) Which country’s population exploded the most? PREDICTIONS? Belgium Britain France Germany Italy

Urbanization: Movement to Cities For better or for worse?

The Urban Game Industrialization and Urbanization: For better or for worse?

Near water = hydropower Need investors = CAPITAL $$$$$ Rise in Industry and Capitalism The Factory System

Rigid Schedule hour day Dangerous Conditions Mind-numbing monotony Rise in Industry and Capitalism The Factory System

Textile Workers in England The Factory System

Young “Bobbin- Doffers” Rise in Industry and Capitalism The Factory System

Rise in Industry and Capitalism Stereotype of the Factory Owner

The Urban Game Urbanization: For better or for worse?

“Modern Times” (1936) “Second Industrial Revolution” - The “Technological Revolution” (1860s- around 1912)

“Modern Times” (1936) As you watch the film clips, jot down any instance where you see Chaplin commenting on the effects of industrialization on society. How is technology depicted in this film? What were the alternatives to working in the factory? What drawbacks and benefits came with them? How is the factory boss characterized? When it comes to industrialization, who benefits and who loses? In what ways are humans bound up in the technological systems they create?

Social and Economic Effects of Industrialization What was it like to live and work in the new industrial cities? “Haves”“Have-nots”

Social Effects of Industrialization What was it like to live and work in the new industrial cities? Bourgeois life thrives with new luxuries Proletariats: Over-worked and destitute

“Upstairs”/”Downstairs” Life Social Effects of Industrialization What was it like to live and work in the new industrial cities?

Social Effects of Industrialization Average Wages in Lancashire, 1830 Age of Worker Male Wages Female Wages under 11 2s 3d. 2s. 4d s. 1d. 4s. 3d s. 2d. 7s. 3d s. 2d. 8s. 5d s. 4d. 8s. 7d s. 8d. 8s. 9d s. 7d. 9s. 8d s. 3d. 9s. 3d s. 7d. 8s. 10d s. 4d. 8s. 4d s. 6d. 6s. 4d.

Effects of Industrialization on the Environment Staffordshire

Effects of Industrialization Life in New Industrial Cities Overcrowding in Tenements

Effects of Industrialization Life in New Industrial Cities Worker Housing in Manchester

Effects of Industrialization Life in New Industrial Cities Factory Workers at Home

Effects of Industrialization Life in New Industrial Cities Life of the New Urban Poor - Dickensian Nightmare! Life of the New Urban Poor - Dickensian Nightmare!

Effects of Industrialization Life in Industrial Cities Worker Housing in Newcastle Today

Social Effects of Industrialization: Women in the workplace

Social Effects of Industrialization: Women in the workplace Lowell Mill Girls Lowell Mill Girls

Social Effects of Industrialization: Social Effects of Industrialization: WomenWomen in the workplace lace Womenlace Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire (1911) Photos

Child Labor Girls Weaving, 1908 Social Effects of Industrialization What was it like to live and work in the new industrial cities?

Child Labor Nine-Year-Old Hartford Newsgirl, 1908 Social Effects of Industrialization What was it like to live and work in the new industrial cities?

Child Labor Workers Stringing Beans, 1908 Social Effects of Industrialization What was it like to live and work in the new industrial cities?

Industrialization by 1850

World Manufacturing Output

RISE IN POPULATION Population Explosion (in millions) Belgium Britain France Germany Italy

Reactions to Capitalism A Blessing or a Curse?