3D Bioprinting For Cartilage Lillian Margolis Biomedical Engineering October 21, 2015

Introduction Tissue Engineering Study of growth of connective tissue Repair or replace tissue Cartilage Connective tissue Avascular Three Types: Hyaline, Elastic, and Fibrous 3D Bioprinting: scaffolds and bio-ink [1] [2]

Methods Scaffolds: three dimensional polymer mold that guides the tissue as it cultures and grows Mesenchymal stem cells Chemical cues to mimic the original tissue [3] [3]

Methods 3D Bioprinting: directly repair or recreate cartilage and integrates with original cartilage Sizes of tissues printed: under 400 micrometers 5 options Extrusion Laser Inkjet Thermal Inkjet Piezoelectric Inkjet [4] [5]

Studies Thermal Inkjet Study (Human) Layer by layer, articular cartilage, and polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate 4mm diameter, thickness of 2mm, nominal 0.23 microliters bioink ~1140 chondrocytes Each layer printed and photopolymerized, 18micrometers thick 2 mins total printing time Printed cartilage with 3d biopaper had higher levels of glycosaminoglycan (GAG) content than cartilage printed without Result: Importance of direct cartilage repair; success in placement of individual cells, preserving cell viability, maintaining chondrogenic phenotype, and integrating with original tissue tissue [5]

Studies 4 Bioinks: Ink9010, Ink8020, Ink7030, and Ink6040 Printed small grids with the four different bioinks and crossed-linked them with CaCl2 for 10 mins Compression testing and shape fidelity testing The different ink compositions can be used for different printing depending on mechanical properties [6] [6] [6]

Conclusion Thermal Inkjet Bioprinting Print both soft and hard tissue Best option for repairing cartilage Ink8020 is most suitable bioink for printing Future Optimizing scaffolds Targeted Drug Therapy Gene Transfection [YW]

Questions? What is a biomaterial ? Define it as exogenous or even synthetic. [1]

Resources Besides the Ones in the Abstract (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2015, from http://www.millerplace.k12.ny.us/webpages/lmiller/photos/636532/large23_Cartilage Types.jpg What is Tissue Engineering. (n.d.). Retrieved October 17, 2015, from http://www.rpi.edu/dept/chem-eng/Biotech-Environ/Projects00/tissue/What is Tissue Engineering.htm Camarero-Espinosa, S., Rothen-Rutishauser, B., Weder, C., & Foster, E. (2015). Directed cell growth in multi-zonal scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering. Biomaterials, 42-52. doi:10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.09.033 Murphy, S., & Atala, A. (2014). 3D bioprinting of tissues and organs. Nat Biotechnol Nature Biotechnology, 773-785. doi:10.1038/nbt.2958 Gao, G., & Cui, X. (2015). Three-dimensional bioprinting in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Biotechnology Letters, 1-9. doi:10.1007/s10529-015-1975-1 Markstedt, K., Mantas, A., Tournier, I., Ávila, H., Hägg, D., & Gatenholm, P. (2015). 3D Bioprinting Human Chondrocytes with Nanocellulose–Alginate Bioink for Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications. BioMacroMolecules, 1489-1496. doi:10.1021/acs.biomac.5b00188 Digital image. University of Rhode Island. N.p., n.d. Web. <http://www.uri.edu/news/releases/html/images/rhody.jpg>.