What standards are reasonable for CRCP mapping needs? NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program Requirements for Integrated Ocean and Coastal Mapping What standards are reasonable for CRCP mapping needs? IOCM Standards and Specifications – Durham NH – April 18-19, 2006

U.S. Coral Reef Task Force Goal Produce comprehensive digital maps of all shallow (<30m) coral reef ecosystems in the United States and characterize priority moderate-depth reef systems by 2009.

Shallow Water Mapping Aerial and satellite data being used for mapping in shallow areas. In most areas NOAA uses IKONOS imagery to produce shallow-water (< 30m) benthic habitat maps. IKONOS Image of Midway Island Estimated Depths (Stumpf & Holderied) Habitat Classification Manual Interpretation Data available on web at: http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/rsd/reefs.html

U.S. Pacific Islands: Vast and Remote * Tide Gauges * (18) * * * * * * * Wake Island (24) * (6) Monitoring & Mapping ~55 Island/Atoll Ecosystems

Pacific Moderate Depth Mapping NWHI (2002/KM) 38,367 km2 NWHI (2003-2005) 1,997 km2 MHI (2005) 1,126 km2 CNMI/Guam (2003) 244 km2 Am. Samoa (2004-2006) 1,385 km2 PRIAs (2006) 3,793 km2 Total 46,912 km2 (13,677 nm2) N. Shore Molokai R/V AHI NOAA Ship Hi’ialakai 30 kHz EM300 5000 m range 135 beams 300 kHz EM3002D 150 m range 300-500 beams 240 kHz Reson 8101ER 250 m range 101 beams

Charting Needs in Pacific Islands All other areas in NWHI, American Samoa, CNMI, Guam and the Pacific Remote Island Areas (PRIAs) are Priority 2 or lower. There are only a few critical areas for charting in the main Hawaiian Islands. HOWEVER, there are No Soundings on Some Charts Significant Chart Offsets – 2 km

Tutuila 588 km2 HI0602 Johnston 992 km2 HI0601 Kingman 926 km2 HI0604 Howland 221 km2 HI0601 Rose 269 km2 HI0602 Jarvis 316 km2 HI0604 Swain’s 256 km2 HI0602 Palmyra 1082 km2 HI0604 Baker 256 km2 HI0601

St. John and St. Thomas, USVI La Parguera, Puerto Rico US Caribbean Mapping St. John and St. Thomas, USVI La Parguera, Puerto Rico St. Croix, USVI NOAA Chart 25640, scale 1:326,856.

Caribbean Multibeam Mapping Activities 2004 2005 2006 IHO Order IHO 2/IHO 3 IHO Order 1 26% IHO Order 2 74% IHO Order 1 <100m IHO Order 2 >100m Swath Width Used 140º 120º 26% 140º 74% 110º Multibeam Sonar Coverage (Area in Nautical Miles²) 29.44 29.50 41.78 ROV Imagery Transects (Length in Nautical Miles) 16.70 38.28 11.88 Number of ROV Lines 7 36 18 Number of Dives (SCUBA) 37 Charting Use (AHB Review) none ? 2005 and 2006 IHO Order values are estimations, as final processing and QA/QC are in progress. Final results may vary from these goals.

Issues: ‘Strumming’/vibration in temporary pole-mount (2004) Error measurements initial offset (in)accuracy Importance of a good patch test Line spacing/Use of outer beam data Coordination with Partners -i.e. advance notice to COOPS for tide request How to share responsibility and expertise for project planning, data acquisition and processing, product generation, documentation Funding, personnel, time Balancing different operational needs (i.e. ROV versus multibeam) at sea and prioritization of divergent project areas

French Frigate Shoals, NWHI, Bank top bathymetry 2 m grid cell size Fledermaus Image (next slide)

What are we looking for? Fledermaus Image 10 m coral pinnacles 0.5 m sand waves 0.1-0.2 m roughness Complex morphology at edge of bank 2-m grid of coral-rich bank top in 20-45 m water depths – French Frigate Shoals, NWHI

Kongsberg EM3002d 300 kHz backscatter

R/V AHI Reson 8101 240-kHz backscatter

multibeam bathymetry complexity 5x slope multibeam backscatter

Benthic Habitat Mapping IKONOS Imagery Multibeam Surveys Optical Groundtruthing – ROV, TOAD, LLS Optical Groundtruthing Towed Diver Surveys Examples of some of the data sources available to us for use in mapping benthic habitats include…

Products for Management Needs Saipan Anchorage Video Tracklines Predicted Sand/Coral Cover Scientists, managers, and stakeholders work together to prioritize production of seafloor characterization and benthic habitat maps. It is not realistic or necessary to create these labor intensive products over 1000’s of km2 of area.

Impacts of Standards on Mapping Costs and Efficiency Requirements IHO 1 IHO 2 CRCP Mapping Cost/Efficiency Impact Survey depths 0-100 m 100-200 m 10-3000+ m Survey areas 100’s km2/yr 1000’s km2/yr Installation Rigorous OCS/NMAO participation & documentation Equipment HR Sonar,VR Sonar, VR Sonar requirements Calibration 2-3/year 1/year OCS participation & documentation Vert. accuracy 0.5-1.39 m 2.5-4.7 m 2 x IHO Documentation to prove Tides Gauges/ Zones Zones, Obs. tides Pred. tides Tide gauges, application of observed tides Horz. accuracy 5m + 5%d 20m +5%d DGPS Required Required? GPS Cost for satellite DGPS Ship personnel Trained hydrographers 1 survey tech 2-10 science OCS/NMAO involvement in mapping work CTD casts 4 hrs/continuous 4 hours 12 hours Time for CTD casts/cost equipment Line spacing ~3 x WD 5 x WD 1.7 x number of lines Least depths Not done ~5-10 days/survey Reporting DAPR Metadata

Map to IHO Standards in Priority Areas OCS participated in 2002 Kilo Moana survey in NWHI OCS and NMAO did installation and original certification of Hi’ialakai and Nancy Foster mapping systems. CRCP and OCS collaboration on re-calibration and re-certification of Hi’ialakai and AHI mapping systems now underway – collaborative yearly updates? Portions of USVI survey in 2005 & 2006 were conducted to IHO standards with documentation. Joint CRCP/OCS charting surveys for harbors in Saipan, Tinian, & Rota, CNMI, are planned for early 2007 using AHI. Commercial & Navy Anchorage Harbor Survey Saipan, CNMI USVI

For Information NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program David.Kennedy@noaa.gov Kara.Meckley@noaa.gov http://www.coralreef.noaa.gov Center for Coastal Monitoring & Assessment Mark.Monaco@noaa.gov Tim.Battista@noaa.gov http://ccma.nos.noaa.gov/ecosystems/coralreef/ Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Ctr. CRED Rusty.Brainard@noaa.gov Joyce.Miller@noaa.gov http://pifsc.noaa.gov/cred http://soest.hawaii.edu/pibhmc