Speech and Language Development Preschool Years Presented By: Shawna Marcus, Dawn Ibbs, Jennifer Reynoso, Kimmy Phillips, Michelle Steneck

-AGENDA- Participants will familiarize themselves with: The difference between speech and language Ages and Stages Activities to help your child at home

Language vs. Speech Language is made up of socially shared rules that include: What words mean How to make new words How to put words together What word combinations are best in what situations Speech: The actual act of producing the sounds

Language is made up of socially shared rules Types of Language: Receptive Language- How the child understands and processes what is being said to them. Expressive Language- How the child shares thoughts, ideas, and feelings using speech.

Articulation

Common Phonological Processes

Pop Quiz! If a child has a lisp, is that a speech or language problem? Answer: Speech!

Activity: Straw + Cotton Ball

By age: 3 years Receptive Language: Understands verbs in pictures (sleep, eat, drink). Follows two requests ("Get the book and put it on the table"). Begins to understand basic what and where questions. Expressive Language: Has a label for familiar items. Uses two- or three- words to talk about and ask for things. Asks for/directs attention to objects by naming them % of speech is understood.

What can I do to help? 2-3 year olds Use clear, simple speech that is easy to imitate. Show interest, repeat what the child has said and expand on it. Ask the child to repeat things that you do not understand and model correct production. Expand on the child's vocabulary by reading books with simple sentences. Name objects and describe the pictures in books, stating synonyms for familiar words.

Pop Quiz A child is 2 ½ years old and we only understand half of what he is saying. Is this normal? Answer: YES! At this age, their speech is typically between % understandable.

Fun Speech and Language Home Activity

By age: 4 years Receptive Language: Understands basic "who?", "what?", "where?" questions. Understands basic color/size words Identifies parts of an object, i.e., “tail of the dog”, “door of the car” Understands negation “no”, “not” Expressive Language: Begins to ask what, where and some why questions. Uses sentences with 3-5 words. You can understand 80% of their speech.

What can I do to help? 3-4 years Make silly pictures and help the child explain what is silly about the picture. Sort pictures and items into categories, increase the challenge by asking the child to point out what is different Expand vocabulary and the length of the child's utterances by: reading, singing, saying rhymes, talking about the surrounding environment

What can I do to help? 3-4 years (cont.) Read books that have a simple plot, talk about and reenact the story with the child. Look at family pictures; have the child explain what is happening. –Take turns asking questions about each picture. Expand on social communication and storytelling skills by "acting out" everyday activities. –Ask the child to repeat what they said if you do not understand.

Pop Quiz Timmy is 4 years old and speaks in 4 word sentences is this typical? Answer: Yes! Typically developing 4 year olds use sentences with 3-5 words.

Puzzle

Normal Disfluencies Stuttering is common in children between the ages of 2 and 5. During their preschool years children are rapidly acquiring language and speech sounds. A child acquires receptive concepts before expressive concepts often leading to the child knowing what they want, but not how to express it. Many children will begin to display characteristics of disfluencies, as the child's speech and language improve, the child's disfluencies improve. Zebrowski & Kelly, 2002

Pop Quiz Tammy is 4 years old and her grandmother doesn’t understand 100% of what she says. Is she delayed in her speech? Answer: No, but grandma should understand around 80% of what she says.

Fun Speech and Language Home Activity

Questions?

Works Cited Tidmore, Sarah “A Preschool Teacher’s Guide to Speech and Language Intervention”. KidWorks Therapy Service Guitar,Barry Ph.D., University of Vermont, Edward G. Conture, Ph.D., Vanderbilt University. “7 Tips for Talking with Your Child.” The Stuttering Foundation. April Stuttering Foundation of America. “How Does Your Child Hear and Talk?” American Speech-Language- Hearing Association. 02 June Shipley, Kenneth G., Julie G. McAfee. Assessment in Speech-Language Pathology: A Resource Manual Second Edition. San Diego: Singular Publishing Group, Templeton, 1957; Wellman et al., 1931, in Sanders- Journal of Speech and Hearing Disorders, “What is Language? What is Speech?” American Speech-Language- Hearing Association. 02 June Zebrowski, Patricia M., Ellen M. Kelly. Manual of Stuttering Intervention. Clifton Park: Singular Publishing Group, 2002.