FUNGI ANIMALS

35 “TRUE FUNGI” 36 27 38 37

TRUE FUNGI

CHYTRIDS – “Cooking Pot Fungi”

(putative green algal host) FOSSILIZED CHYTRIDS (?): Lower Devonian (charophyte cross-section) Charophyte (putative green algal host) 49 Rhynie Chert (Scotland)

CHYTRIDS: Cell Structure 27

CHYTRIDS: Cell Structure 39 40 Hyphae Rhizoids

CHYTRIDS: Nutrition 6 22 28

CHYTRIDS: Life Cycle Alternation of Generations 40 39

LIFE CYCLE I 29 Allomyces

Allomyces: Sporophyte Stage Zoosporangium Zoospore (2n) Resistant Sporangium (2n) Zoospore (n) 29

Allomyces: Gametophytes Stage Male Gametangium Female Gametophyte Gametes Zygote Anisogametes Isogametes 29

Allomyces Life Cycle Fig. 4-17 in Alexopoulos et al. 1996

Synchytrium Life Cycle Fig. 6.6 in Webster and Weber 2007

CHYTRIDS: Growth Forms Eucarpic Holocarpic (Monocentric) 39 (Polycentric)

Chytrids: Macrohabitats 22 20 21

CHYTRIDS: Microhabitats 25 CHYTRIDS: Microhabitats 3 24

CHYTRIDS: Interactions 1) Interbiotic

39 56 Allomyces Nowakowskiella

CHYTRID: Growth Form 2) Epibiotic 44 9

CHYTRIDS: Life Forms 3) Endobiotic 12 13 Black Wart Disease Synchytrium

CHYTRID INTERACTIONS 15 16 14 Rumen Chytrid (Neocallimastix)

CHYTRID INTERACTIONS 17 Chiricahua Leopard Frog Frog Chytrid (Batrachochytridium) 50 18

CHYTRID INTERACTIONS Black Wart Disease Brown Spot Disease 12 1 (Chytrid: Physoderma) Chytrid: Syntrychium

Lettuce Big Vein Disease CHYTRID INTERACTIONS 4 Lettuce Big Vein Disease (Chytrid: Olpidium) 53

CHYTRID INTERACTIONS 6 4 7 (Mosquito Larva Chytrid: Coelomyces)

CHYTRID INTERACTIONS 8 54 Diatom Chytrid: Rhizophydium

CHYTRID INTERACTIONS 27 27 37 38

1 http://www.invasive.org/images/768x512/1436018.jpg 2 http://www.public.iastate.edu/~ccblock/photos/physod.jpg 3 http://www.mbsseed.com/Peaches%20and%20Cream%20Mid.jpg 4 http://vegetablemdonline.ppath.cornell.edu/Images/Impt_Diseases/ 64_Lettuce_Big.jpg 5 http://www.aloj.us.es/optico/carromzar/botanica1/Olpidium.jpg 6 http://www.microimaging.ca/rotifer2.jpg 7 http://www.sacsplash.org/cimages/MosquitoLarvaSm.jpg 8 http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en-commons/thumb/2/29/ 225px-Daphnia_magna01.jpg 9 http://bugs.bio.usyd.edu.au/Mycology/images/Topics/Animal_Interactions/ chytrid.gif 10 http://ejournal.sinica.edu.tw/bbas/content/1998/1/8408f6.tif.JPG

11 http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/bl14apl/Peridinium.jpeg 12 http://www.bitkisagligi.net/Patates/Synchytrium_endobioticium.jpg 13 http://www.aber.ac.uk/fungi/graffeg/chytrids/Cyllamyces.jpg 14 http://courses.washington.edu/chordate/453photos/gut_photos/ cow_stomach2.jpg 15 http://babcock.cals.wisc.edu/downloads/de_html/images/en1_digestion1.gif 16 http://www.aber.ac.uk/fungi/graffeg/chytrids/Cyllamyces.jpg 17 http://www.saveafrog.org/images/fungus_main_pic.jpg 18 http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/tbiol/zoology/herp/decline/DW%20toe% 20section.jpg 19 http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/TFTOL/images/fungi/chytrid_csa.jpg 20 http://www.mesc.usgs.gov/research/rarmi/images/marsh2.jpg

21 http://www.mccullagh.org/db9/1ds-4/sahara-desert-sand.jpg 22 http://www.njscuba.net/images-uw/other/rc_mohawk_muck.jpg 23 http://www.jcu.edu.au/school/tbiol/zoology/herp/decline/DW%20toe% 20section.jpg 24 http://www.sweetpro.com/images/Cow%20with%20DA%20doing% 20better%20on%20SweetPro%2018.jpg 25 http://www.naturephoto-cz.com/photos/others/common-tree-frog-9282.jpg 26 http://www.biol.pmf.hr/uploads/pics/allomyces.gif 27 http://bama.ua.edu/~nsfpeet/pictures/spizellomycetales.gif 28 http://dd-b.net/photography/gallery/JuneMacro/jun-98-080-4.jpg 29 http://www.aloj.us.es/optico/carromzar/botanica1/Allomyces.jpg 30 http://www.mycolog.com/spirogyr.jpg

Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 574 p. 31 Fig. 3-23 in Moore-Landecker. 1996. Fundamentals of the Fungi, 4th Edition. Prentice Hall, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 574 p. 32 http://www.njscuba.net/images-uw/other/rc_mohawk_muck.jpg 33 http://www.marlerblog.com/Cow-Pie-3(1).jpg 34 http://www.as.ua.edu/biology/scf/allomyces.jpg 35 http://userwww.sfsu.edu/~biol240/labs/lab_08fungi/media/rhizopus4.jpg 36 http://www.deutsche-botanische-gesellschaft.de/images/TitlePage1/ Arbuskeln_gro%DF.jpg 37 http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/images/130/Fungi/Ascomycota_Images/Peziza/ Scarlet_cup.low.jpg 3 38 http://www.fungi4schools.org/Reprints/Photoset01/Coprinus_comatus_ Shaggy_inkcap.jpg 39 http://www.as.ua.edu/biology/scf/allomyces.jpg 40 http://plantphys.info/organismal/lechtml/images/allomycesgam.jpg

41 http://www.apsnet.org/Education/IllustratedGlossary/PhotosA-D/ chytridiomycetes.jpg 42 http://www.hik.hu/tankonyvtar/site/books/b159/kepek/F5007.jpg 43 http://www.fao.org/docrep/003/X7650S/x7650s28.jpg 44 http://www.scielo.br/img/revistas/bn/v7n3/31f33.jpg 45 http://comenius.susqu.edu/bi/202/Fungi/chytridiomycota/ Allomyces-sporo-csupomona.jpg 46 http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/TFTOL/images/fungi/chytrid_csa.jpg 47 http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~drg/personal/mitosis.jpg 48 http://www.kittolife.co.kr/eng_html/img/busi_10.gif 49 http://www.abdn.ac.uk/rhynie/images/plants/fungi/fungi9.jpg 50 http://www.polymer.or.kr/suite/conference/uploaded_images_for_conference_3/ 49033000_1125026253.gif

51 http://www.clarku.edu/faculty/dhibbett/TFTOL/images/fungi/chytrid_csa.jpg 52 http://www.desmids.nl/info/fungal_parasites/images/hyalotheca.jpg 53 http://www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/barr/4-11.jpg 54 http://www.env.sci.toho-u.ac.jp/dbps_data/_material_/seimeiken/lab/kagami/ tubokabi1.jpg 55 http://www.as.ua.edu/biology/scf/allomyces.jpg 56 http://www.bsu.edu/classes/ruch/msa/barr/4-9.jpg