CAN WE STUDY THE MIND? PSYCHOLOGY – THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESSES AND HOW THEY ARE AFFECTED BY AN ORGANISM’S PHYSICAL/MENTAL STATES AND THEIR.

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Presentation transcript:

CAN WE STUDY THE MIND? PSYCHOLOGY – THE STUDY OF BEHAVIOR AND MENTAL PROCESSES AND HOW THEY ARE AFFECTED BY AN ORGANISM’S PHYSICAL/MENTAL STATES AND THEIR EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT.

Describe : To tell what occurred Understand : Explain why it occurred Predict : Under what conditions is the behavior/event likely to occur Control : What change in condition is necessary to prevent an unwanted occurrence or to bring about a desired outcome

Research done for advancing knowledge of the subject (Describe, Understand, Predict) BASIC PSYCHOLOGY Research done for the purpose of solving practical problems (Control) APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY

1.OBSERVATION 2.EXPERIMENTATION 3.SURVEY 4.CASE STUDY 5.CORRELATION

Naturalistic Observation: - researchers observe and record behavior without trying to influence or control it - subjects are not aware of observation Advantage: study is in natural setting ; good descriptive; can provide hypothesis to be tested later Disadvantage: must wait for behavior to occur, researcher has noDisadvantage: control so cause and effect is difficult to determine potential for observer bias, presence of researcher may influence situation Laboratory Observation: as above but in lab, researcher can exert more control Advantage: more control Disadvantage: observer bias potential; behavior may be different than in natural setting

Survey Research: using interviews and/or questionnaires to gather information about aptitudes, beliefs, experiences or behaviors of a group Questionnaire: faster and less expensive than interview- a survey does not become more accurate based on more respondents- the survey can be generalized only if it is representative of the larger population (questionnaire in U.S. magazine does not represent Canadian population) Interview: skilled interviewer uses well-worded questions. Comfort level with interviewer is a factor; truthfulness can be affected by the interviewer's personal characteristics

Case Study Method: An in depth study of one or a few participants consisting of information gathered by observation, interview, or psychological testing to provide a description of behavior or disorder Advantage: Advances knowledge especially in unusual conditions; can provide a hypothesis to be tested later Disadvantage: Cannot establish cause of observed behaviors; don't know if the cases studied generalize to larger population; may not be representative of condition, event; subject to misinterpretation by experimenter

A RESEARCH METHOD USED TO ESTABLISH THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO CHARACTERISTICS, EVENTS, AND OR BEHAVIORS USED TO UNDERSTAND RELATIONSHIPS NOT CAUSES

SAME STEPS ARE USED AS IN ALL SCIENTIFIC EXPERIMENTS USING THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD FIRST PUBLISHED PSYCHOLOGY EXPERIMENT WAS DONE IN 1898 BY NORMAN TRIPLETT - TESTED THE HYPOTHESIS THAT BOYS WOULD WIND FISHING REELS MORE QUICKLY IN PAIRS THAN ALONE

PSYCHOLOGISTS USE 95% CERTAINTY AS ACCEPTABLE