GRADE 5 HISTORY AND NATURE OF SCIENCE, Scientific Enterprise: The student will recognize that science and technology involve different kinds of work and engages men and women of all backgrounds.

One of the most influential scientists in history! England:

The greatest fossilist the world ever knew Lyme Regis, Great Britain Anning's Ichthyosaurs discovered when she was 10 years old. Anning's Plesiosaurs

Father of MicrobiologyNetherlands:  Improved the microscope- first to describe single-celled organisms  Created over 400 microscopes, 9 of which are still used today... my work, which I've done for a long time, was not pursued in order to gain the praise I now enjoy, but chiefly from a craving after knowledge, which I notice resides in me more than in most other men. And therewithal, whenever I found out anything remarkable, I have thought it my duty to put down my discovery on paper, so that all ingenious people might be informed thereof. Antony van Leeuwenhoek. Letter of June 12, 1716

Prevented milk & wine from going sour: Pasteurization! France: He solved the mysteries of rabies, anthrax, chicken cholera, and silkworm diseases, and contributed to the development of the first vaccines.

The mother of the modern environmental movement. Pennsylvania, USA  Wrote Silent Spring, a book that called for the testing of chemicals and questioned the dangers of indiscriminate use of pesticides

Father of Modern Geology Scotland: 1726–1797  Loved scientific inquiry,  studied the surface of the earth

Theory of Relativity E=mc2 Germany:  Nobel Peace Prize in Physics in 1921

Father of PaleontologyFrance:  Compared living animals with fossils  Established extinction as a fact

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 1904 Russia:  Classical conditioning using dogs  Pavlov’s Dog is often used to describe someone who merely reacts to a situation rather than use critical thinking

Greatest ancient astronomical observer Turkey: 190 BC-120 BC

Inventor of the telephoneScotland:  Founding member of the National Geographic Society  Hydrofoils  Aeronautics

Greatest Mathematician of his age Syracuse: 287 BC BC Invented … pully the Archimedean screw pumping Hydrostatics levers

Developed Mohs Scale of Mineral Hardness Germany: (Talc) 2 (Gypsum) 3 (Calcite) 4 (Fluorite) 5 (Apatite) 6 (Orthoclase Feldspar) 7 (Quartz) 8 (Topaz) 9 (Corundum) 10 (Diamond)

Father of MicroscopyEngland:  1 st to study and record cells  Invented the iris diaphragm in cameras, the universal joint used in motor vehicles, the balance wheel in a watch

Studied ChimpanzeesEngland: Present

Gold Medal of the Global Astronomical Society in 1898 England:  Discovered meteors, novas and comets

The Undersea World of Jacques- TV series France:  oceanographic technician  Calypso-ship  Exposed pollution, over-exploration of resources and coastal development  Served in the French navy in WWII

Fujita Scale: differentiates tornado intensity and links tornado damage with wind speed Japan:  His research on severe thunderstorms, tornadoes, hurricanes and typhoons revolutionized knowledge of each.  Discovered downburst, microburst

Halley’s Comet-seen every 75 years England:  Discovered the proper motion of the fixed stars,  studied the orbital movements of the moon and of comets

Richter Magnitude Scale – compares the size of earthquakes USA: