Chapter 17 – From Gene to Protein 1909 – Garrod : First to suggest that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical processes in the cell.

Figure 17.1 Beadle and Tatum’s evidence for the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis

ONE GENE-ONE POLYPEPTIDE HYPOTHESIS WHY POLYPEPTIDE INSTEAD OF PROTEIN?

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 1)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 2)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 3)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 4)

Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 5)

RNA

Figure 17.3 The triplet code

Figure 17.4 The dictionary of the genetic code

TRANSCRIPTION

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 1)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 2)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 3)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 4)

Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: elongation

Figure 17.7 The initiation of transcription at a eukaryotic promoter

Figure 17.8 RNA processing; addition of the 5 cap and poly(A) tail

Figure 17.9 RNA processing: RNA splicing

Figure The roles of snRNPs and spliceosomes in mRNA splicing

Figure Correspondence between exons and protein domains

TRANSLATION Go through all the steps of translation at site

Figure Translation: the basic concept

Figure 17.13a The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)

Figure 17.13b The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)

Figure An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins a specific amino acid to a tRNA

Figure The anatomy of a functioning ribosome

Figure Structure of the large ribosomal subunit at the atomic level

Figure The initiation of translation

Figure The elongation cycle of translation

Figure The termination of translation

Figure Polyribosomes

Figure The signal mechanism for targeting proteins to the ER

Table 17.1 Types of RNA in a Eukaryotic Cell

Figure Coupled transcription and translation in bacteria

Figure The molecular basis of sickle-cell disease: a point mutation

Figure Categories and consequences of point mutations: Base-pair insertion or deletion

Figure Categories and consequences of point mutations: Base-pair substitution

Figure A summary of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell