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Protein Synthesis and Gene Expression zDNA: deoxyribonucleic acid--contains sugar deoxyribose. zDNA is double stranded. zDNA contains bases adenine,
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Online – animated web site 5Storyboard.htm

Name Date Period Take notes here Summary – one summary at the end Questions “Cornell Style” Chapter 12 DNA

Function of DNA: §Stores genetic information. §Tells a cell what to do. “instructions”, “directions”, “recipe” Structure: Double helix made of nucleotides Nucleotide made of 3 parts carbon sugar (Deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate group 3. Base

Bases: PurinesPyrimidines AdenineThymine GuanineCytosine hydrogen bonds “GCAT”

1. DNA unzips 2. Base pairs attach 3. 1 / 2 old & 1 / 2 new “to copy”

DNA replication CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC

CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one C G A T DNA nucleotides

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one G C

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GG CC covalent bond formed catalyzed by DNA polymerase

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GAG CTC

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GAGC CTCG

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGC CTACG

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCT CTACGA

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCTC CTACGAG

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCTTC CTACGAAG

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCTTCC CTACGAAGG

DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC “semiconservative” replication GATGCTTCC C TACGAAGG old strand new strand

RNA Function: To move genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Structure: Made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base) 3 Types of RNA 1. “messenger” mRNA – transcribes DNA’s message 2. “ribosomal” rRNA – translates the mRNA 3. “transfer” tRNA – carries amino acids

Difference between RNA & DNA 1. The sugar is Ribose in RNA 2. RNA is single stranded 3. RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine

DNA G C T A RNA C G A U

(Protein Synthesis) 1.mRNA is transcribed from DNA 2.mRNA leaves nucleus 3.mRNA travels to a ribosome 4.the ribosome (rRNA) translates the mRNA 5.tRNA brings the correct amino acid 6.the amino acids link together to form a protein “To Make”

Nuclear membrane tRNA Amino acid Protein Cell membrane Ribosome

CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC info.DNA strand

CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC info.DNA strand code for an amino acid

CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC info.DNA strand code for another amino acid

transcription CGGACTTTC CUAG info.DNA strand RNA nucleotides

transcription CGGACTTTC C info.DNA strand

transcription CGGACTTTC C info.DNA strand C covalent bond formed catalyzed by RNA polymerase

transcription CGGACTTTC CU info.DNA strand C

transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand C

transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand CA

transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand CAA

transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand CGAA

transcription CGGACTTTC CUAG info.DNA strand CGAA

transcription CGGACTTTC info.DNA strand CUAGCGGAA

transcription CGGACTTTC CUAG info.DNA strand C G GAA part of messenger RNA

mRNA CUAGCGGAA Every 3 bases is a code “CODON” for an amino acid. Codon

How does the tRNA know what amino acid to bring? §It uses the genetic code table.

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

CUAGCGGAA site on ribosome codon mRNA

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

CUAGCGGAA AGG proline mRNA tRNA amino acid codon anticodon

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

CUAGCGGAA AGG proline UUC glutamate mRNA

CUAGCGGAA AGG proline UUC glutamate peptide bond forms mRNA

CUAGCGGAA AGG proline UUC glutamate tRNA released mRNA

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

CUAGCGGAA proline UUC glutamate CUC

CUAGCGGAA proline UUC glutamate CUC Protein

Termination of protein synthesis §3 STOP codons §protein released

1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

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