TEST ON THURSDAY, MARCH 7 DNA REVIEW ANSWERS

QUESTION #1 What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide? Sugar – deoxyribose Phosphate group Nitrogen base – A, G, C, or T

QUESTION #2 During DNA replication, what will the complementary strand be if the parent strand is GCATTG? CGTAAC

QUESTION #3 What is the shape of a strand of DNA? Double helix

QUESTION #4 What are the 3 differences between RNA and DNA? Sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose Uracil instead of thymine Single-stranded instead of double

QUESTION #5 Match the following. mRNA – contains the code for making proteins tRNA – bring the amino acids to the ribosome rRNA – make up the main part of a ribosome

QUESTION #6 What are introns? Sections of RNA that do not code for the protein (“in the way”) What are exons? Sections of RNA that do code for the protein (“expressed”)

QUESTION #7 Which nitrogen bases are pyrimidines? Cytosine, uracil, and thymine (CUT) Which one are purines? Adenine and guanine

QUESTION #8 What is transcription? Making RNA from DNA

QUESTION #9 What is translation? Making the proteins from the mRNA (“translating the code”)

QUESTION #10 Match the following. Replication – making a copy of the DNA Transcription – making RNA from DNA Translation – making a protein from the mRNA

QUESTION #11 Where in the cell does translation occur? ribosomes Where in the cell does transcription occur? nucleus

QUESTION #12 Complete the following base pairing rules for DNA: Adenine – thymine Guanine – cytosine Cytosine – guanine Thymine – adenine

QUESTION #13 How many bases make up a codon? 3

QUESTION #14 How many codons are needed to get 5 amino acids? 5

QUESTION #15 How many codons are there? 64 How many amino acids are there? 20

QUESTION #16 If you are given the DNA: GACCTTGGAACT, what would the mRNA be? CUGGAACCUUGA

QUESTION #17 Which amino acid has the codon UGC? Cysteine (Cys)

QUESTION #18 Which type of RNA has an anticodon? Transfer RNA (tRNA)

QUESTION #19 Match the following. Insertion – an extra nucleotide is added Deletion – a nucleotide is left out Point mutation/substitution – one nucleotide is substituted for another

QUESTION #20 The genetic code in DNA depends on the order of the bases.

QUESTION #21 Match the following. Watson & Crick – discovered the structure of DNA Avery – showed that DNA is the transforming factor Griffith – studied transformation in pneumonia

QUESTION #22 What percentage of DNA codes for proteins/polypeptides? 1-2%

QUESTION #23 What is the anticodon for the codon UGC? ACG

QUESTION #24 What is the start codon in DNA? TAC

QUESTION #25 What is the start codon in RNA and what amino acid does it code for? AUG Methionine (Met)

QUESTION #26 What does adenine pair with in RNA? uracil

QUESTION #27 Fill in the table below. DNARNA Type of sugardeoxyriboseribose Nitrogen basesA, G, C, TA, G, C, U Single or double stranded doublesingle