Chapter 17 Respiratory System
Respiratory System Functions Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide Production of sound
Respiration External respiration Internal respiration Cellular respiration or oxidation
Respiratory Organs and Structures Nasal cavity Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi
Respiratory Organs and Structures Bronchioles Alveoli Lungs Pleura Mediastinum
Respiratory Organs and Structures
The Nasal Cavity Anterior nares or nostrils Nasal septum Turbinates or nasal conchae bones Cilia Olfactory nerve Sinuses
The Pharynx Also called the throat Common passageway for food and air Nasopharynx Oropharynx Laryngopharynx Epiglottis
The Larynx Also called voice box Nine fibrocartilaginous plates Mucous membrane Glottis
The Trachea Also called windpipe Hyaline cartilage Mucous membrane and ciliated epithelium Damage caused by smoking
The Bronchi and the Bronchioles Right and left bronchus Ciliated epithelium Hyaline cartilage Bronchi subdivide into bronchioles Alveolar sacs (alveoli)
The Alveoli Sacs of single layer epithelial tissue Surrounded by bed of capillaries Surfactant Exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
The Lungs Separated by the mediastinum and the heart Apex is top of each lung; broad lower part is base Base rests over the diaphragm Right lung has three lobes; left lung has two lobes
The Pleura A thin, moist, slippery membrane of tough endothelial cells that covers lungs Each lung encased in double-walled sac Pleurisy Pleural fluid Thoracentesis Pneumothorax
The Mediastinum Also called the interpleural space Located between the lungs Contains the thoracic viscera
Mechanics of Breathing Pulmonary ventilation is called breathing Due to changes in pressure which occur within the chest cavity Variation in pressure caused by cellular respiration and mechanical breathing movements
The Breathing Process Inhalation/inspiration Exhalation/expiration Respiratory movements and frequency of respiration
Control of Breathing Neural factors Chemical factors
Lung Capacity and Volume Tidal volume Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) Expiratory reserve volume (ERV) Vital lung capacity
Lung Capacity and Volume Residual volume Functional residual capacity Total lung capacity
Types of Respiration Apnea Dyspnea Eupnea Hyperpnea
Types of Respiration Orthopnea Tachypnea Hyperventilation
Animation – Respiration Click Here to play Respiration animation
Effects of Aging Lung tissue loses elasticity Rib cage becomes less flexible Muscle strength decreases Functioning alveoli decrease
Disorders Infectious Causes Common cold Pharyngitis Laryngitis Sinusitis Bronchitis and chronic bronchitis
Disorders Infectious Causes Influenza (flu) Pneumonia Tuberculosis (TB) Diphtheria Pertussis (whooping cough)
Disorders Infectious Causes Anthrax Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
Disorders Noninfectious Causes Rhinitis Asthma Athelectasis Asbestosis Silicosis Nasal polyps
Disorders Noninfectious Causes Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Cancer of the lungs Cancer of the larynx Pulmonary embolism Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)