Geography, Humankind, and Migration Unit 1 Ms. Hunt RMS IB Middle School

Difference between geography and environment. Geography- the study of people, places, and environment Environment- the physical surroundings of a location

Tectonic Plates Pangaea- all continents connected together 4 Types of Tectonic Movement – Divergent – Subduction – Convergent – Transform

Earth’s Reaction to Movement Earthquake Volcanic Eruptions Creation of mountains and valleys

Beginning of Humans Out of Africa theory Out of Africa theory – People centered in Africa and migrated “out of Africa” to other continents Australopithecines- Discovery of “Lucy” (4 million years ago) Australopithecines- Discovery of “Lucy” (4 million years ago) Homo Habilis- tool using humans Homo Habilis- tool using humans Homo Erectus- “Turkana Boy”, stand up Homo Erectus- “Turkana Boy”, stand up Homo Sapiens- people identical to humans Homo Sapiens- people identical to humans

Human Movement Push- reasons why people wish to leave an area – Lack of resources (land, education, medical) – Change of climate – Escape persecution – Dangerous environment – Forced removal Pull Factors- reasons why people wish to come to a new area – Availability of resources – Job/ education opportunities – Return to family/ culture/ homeland – Be closer to holy land of religion

Types of Movement Migration- moving from one region to another – Internal migration Immigration- moving from one country to another – External migration- moving across a continent (Quickly or slowly) Example- Bantu Migrations

Effects of Migrations Cultural – Creates diversity, new culture – Discrimination Economic – Improve economy with specialized workers – Harm economy because of limited resources to sustain new people (Example- Refugees) Political – Removal of Immigrants (Example- Arizona) – Immigrants viewed as asset to government and society

Population Movement Scenario #1 My name is Sonya and I am from Mexico City. I have lived here all of my life but my family and I have decided to move to San Antonio, Texas. Mexico City is very dangerous and does not provide my siblings and I with the education we need in order to succeed. In the United States, my family would be able to work and live in a safe environment and receive the education we want. *What reasons did Sonya give for moving?

Population Movement Scenario #2 My name is William and I currently live in the United Kingdom. I moved here 5 years ago in order to get a job with a large European bank. I had to leave my family and homeland behind but now I have decided to return. Although I enjoyed living in the UK I am excited to go back home to Israel to be closer to the holy land and my culture. *What reasons did William give for moving?