China in the Classical and Medieval Eras ca. 500 BC to 1368 AD Lectures 16 & 17 October 16-21, 2009 HIST 101 History of World Civilization I University of Montevallo, Fall 2009 Adjunct Instructor Jill Cooley

Lectures 16 and 17: Outline Film: The First Emperor –Qin Dynasty –Chinese Unification –Terra-cotta soldiers –Legalism Han Dynasty –Confucianism –Han Empire –Silk Road –Daoism Age of Division and the Spread of Buddhism –Age of Division –Development and Spread of Buddhism Reunification and Commercial Development –Sui Dynasty –Tang Dynasty –Yuan Dynasty

Lectures 16 and 17: Key Terms First Emperor (Qin Shi Huangdi) Qin unification Great Wall Terra-cotta soldiers Legalism Confucianism Han Dynasty Scholar-official Silk Road Silk production and trade Daoism Age of Division (“Six Dynasties Era”) Siddhartha Gautama Buddhism Sui Dynasty Tang Dynasty Song Dynasty Mongols Genghis Khan Yuan Dynasty

Film: The First Emperor

Legalism Based on the belief that man is evil by nature and needs to be disciplined through fear and harsh punishment. Qin dynasty governed by a centralized military administration through aristocrats and politicians.

Han Dynasty Takeover the Qin Dynasty once the 1 st Emperor Died Governed by Confucianism Because of this it was important for the officials to rule wisely led the Scholar-Official System Had civil service exams that had to be passed in order to qualify and become an official Prestige in China becomes based on scholarly aptitude Larger Area of Rule, the area ruled corresponds with the Silk Road (Extended China and Mediterranean) Expanded to protect the trade routes Weakened by continual child heirs taking over and dissolves

Confucianism Valued certain moral obligations, particularly those between a superior and subordinate. Based on the belief that good government was dependant upon consent of the people, and not by force. Qin's “strong-hand” legalism was replaced with Han Confucianism.

Daoism Wisdom lies in becoming one with the Dao. The Dao—the creative principle of the universe.

Age of Division Broke up into decentralized states Important time for China, because it was the period in time when Buddhism spread

The Silk Road Series of overland trade routes extending from China through Central Asia to the Mediterranean.

Buddhism

Buddhism Cont’d Not native to China: native to India Centuries old by the time it spread to China Developed by Siddhartha Gautama (lived BC) He became very dissatisfied with his life, and thought there was more to life & death, at age 30 pursued a new life of studying & self-reflection He decided you could end the mortal cycle if you understood the 4 Noble Truths. 1) All life is suffering 2) We suffer due to desire 3) Ceasing desire ceases suffering 4) Identified an 8-fold path that would end desire, if you followed the path you could achieve nirvana His ideas are the basis for the religion

Spread of Buddhism

Sui and Tang Dynasties

Tang and Song Dynasties

Mongol Empire (Yuan Dynasty)

Lectures 16 & 17: Timeline Time PeriodHistorical EventImportant Points ca BCSiddhartha Gautama, the BuddhaDevelopment of Buddhism in India BCWarring States PeriodDisunion; Development of Chinese philosophies BCQin DynastyFirst Emperor; unification based on Legalism 210 BCDeath of First EmperorTerra-cotta soldiers buried in tomb 206 BC – 220 ADHan DynastyGovernment based on Confucianism; Development of the Silk Road ADAge of Division (“Six Dynasties Era”)Spread of Buddhism to China ADSui DynastyReunification ADTang DynastyOpenness to foreigners ADSong DynastyCommercial revolution ADYuan DynastyChina under Mongol control