Cardiovascular System The body’s transport system.

Cardiovascular System 3 main parts: heart blood vessels blood

1. The HEART The pump that moves the blood through the body. brings O 2 and food to cells removes cell wastes and CO 2 from cells

1. The HEART Valves stop blood from flowing backwards.

1. The HEART Path of blood flow: Cells of the Body ↓ Right side of Heart ↓ Lungs ↓ Left side of the heart ↓ Cells of the Body

2. The blood vessels Artery – carries blood away from the heart RBCs carry O 2 Vein – carries blood to the heart from the cells RBCs carry CO 2 Capillary – connects arteries to veins – microscopic – where CO 2 and O 2 are exchanged

3. The blood Has several things in it:

3. The blood A. Plasma Liquid part of the blood 95% water Has dissolved food and body chemicals Blood cells float in the plasma

3. The blood B. Red blood cells (RBCs) Contains hemoglobin which holds onto the O 2 or CO 2

3. The blood C. White blood cells (WBCs) Seek and destroy invading organisms (bacteria) and particles (viruses) that could cause disease.

3. The blood D. Platelets Cell pieces that help blood clot and thus stop bleeding.

3. The blood E. Antibodies Chemicals that help WBCs identify foreign invaders

3½. Blood types A, AB, B, and O

4 Basic Blood Types Blood types are determined by what chemical (called an antigen) on the surface of the RBC. A = Has A antigen B = Has B antigen AB = Has A and B antigens O = has neither antigen

TO MIX or NOT MIX Body makes antibodies against antigens that are not on its own RBCs Type A, antibody B can receive A, O Type B, antibody A can receive B, O Type AB, no antibodies can receive A, B, AB, O: universal recipient Type O, antibody A & B can receive O; universal donor

DISEASES Cardiovascular diseases (“heart disease”) kill more Americans than any other disease.

Data is for the U.S. in 2007 Number of deaths for leading causes of death Heart disease: 616,067 Cancer: 562,875 Stroke (cerebrovascular diseases): 135,952 Chronic lower respiratory diseases: 127,924 Accidents (unintentional injuries): 123,706 Alzheimer's disease: 74,632 Diabetes: 71,382 Flu and Pneumonia: 52,717 Kidney disease: 46,448 Septicemia: 34,828

Cause Percent of Total 1. Diseases of the heart Malignant tumors Cerebrovascular diseases Chronic lower respiratory diseases Accidents (unintentional injuries) Diabetes mellitus Influenza and pneumonia Alzheimer's disease Nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis Septicemia (blood poisoning) Suicide Chronic liver disease and cirrhosis Primary hypertension and hypertensive renal disease Parkinson's disease (tied) Homicide (tied)0.7 Source: CDC/NHS, National Vital Statistics System

DISEASES Cardiovascular diseases (“heart disease”) kill more Americans than any other disease. The major cause of heart diseases is Atherosclerosis- “hardening of the arteries” when fatty deposits build up inside of blood vessels and block blood flow

The big CVS killers, tied to atherosclerosis, are: 1. Heart attack- an artery to the heart is blocked and cardiac muscle dies. 2. Stroke- a vessel in the brain is blocked or breaks open. 3. High Blood Pressure (hypertension)- causes kidney or heart damage.

Other killers are: 4. Leukemia- a cancer that stops RBC and WBC production 5. Hemophilia- a person can’t form blood clots (and can bleed to death easily)