ADAPTED BY MRS SHOULDERS THE WARRANT AND THE COUNTERCLAIM

A WARRANT Definition: A warrant is the logical connection between a claim and a supporting fact. Sometime the warrant will be clear and no explanation from the writer is needed. Most of the time the writer needs to explain how and why a particular piece of evidence is good support for a specific claim.

IDENTIFY THE WARRANT I think you need to join a yoga class. Yoga clears the mind and brings peace to the soul. As an airplane pilot, you need a clear mind and peaceful soul. The most popular TV series on American television is NFL football. 76% of Clarksvillians watch the program. The viewing public of Clarksville is a cross section of viewers much like those in the rest of the United States. So the NFL’s popularity there indicates its popularity throughout the land.

THE RULE Good writers obey this rule whenever they are about to discuss an important piece of evidence. 1. Establish the context and purpose of the evidence. 2. Present the evidence. 3. Show how the evidence fits into the argument.

COUNTERCLAIM Counterclaim: A reasonable argument that opposes or disagrees with your claim. “Signal” words for addressing counter claims: One the one hand ___; on the other hand ___. Although ___, in reality ___. Author X contradicts what she says earlier... While she argues ___, she also ___. I agree that ___. However, ___. This is not to say that ____.

EXAMPLE OF COUNTERCLAIM Claim : Hybrid cars are an effective strategy to fight pollution. Evidence 1: Driving a private car is a typical citizen's most air polluting activity. Warrant : Because cars are the largest source of private, as opposed to industry produced, air pollution switching to hybrid cars should have an impact on fighting pollution. Evidence 2 : Each vehicle produced is going to stay on the road for roughly 12 to 15 years. Warrant 2 : Cars generally have a long lifespan, meaning that a decision to switch to a hybrid car will make a long-term impact on pollution levels. Evidence 3 : Hybrid cars combine a gasoline engine with a battery-powered electric motor. Warrant 3 : This combination of technologies means that less pollution is produced. According to ineedtoknow.org "the hybrid engine of the Prius, made by Toyota, produces 90 percent fewer harmful emissions than a comparable gasoline engine." Counterclaim : Instead of focusing on cars, which still encourages a culture of driving even if it cuts down on pollution, the nation should focus on building and encouraging use of mass transit systems.

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