IAFS 1000 Introduction to the Middle East

Major themes? Paternalism Unplanned empire Partition Nation-state Eur control of local soc (collab/resist) Conflict Cultural division

Today’s Lecture Background on Islam British empire in ME Ottoman empire Khilafat movement

Country Muslim Population Percentage of Muslims 1Indonesia228,582, % 2Pakistan172,800,00097% 3Bangladesh162,221,00087% 4India160,945, % 5Egypt79,089,00090% 6Nigeria78,056,00050% 7Iran76,923,00098% 8Turkey73,723,00099% 9Sudan43,939,00070% 10Algeria34,895,00099%

Islam ال له = الله = “the God” جهاد = “struggle, striving” Allah Jihad = Not monolithic

British Interests in the Middle East Access to India — 1869: Suez Canal Oil –1908: oil discovered –1911: Royal Navy reliance on oil Preserving status quo xu-oclc world_pol_ jpg

Ottoman Empire Centered in modern Turkey Young Turks –WWI: Aligned with Germany – Armenian genocide 1920: Treaty of Sevres –power vacuum filled by Br and Fr “mandates”

Khilafat Movement: Significance Pan-Islam Western fears Role today?

Al Qaida and the Caliphate Al Qaida training manual

Khilafat Movement Shock of 1857 Indian Muslim pride in Ottoman empire –sultan as caliph (spiritual leader of [Sunni] Muslim umma) –movement to protect caliphate –Indian vs. Turkish vs. Arab views 1924: Turkish abolition of caliphate

Khilafat Movement (cont.) Lasting symbolic power Br fear of Muslim unrest Muslim recognition of this fear Intl Muslim protest as powerful tool

Islam ال له = الله = “the God” جهاد = “struggle, striving” Allah Jihad = Not monolithic