Five Themes Questions About Ancient Civilizations! BY: REBEKAH BOYD

ANCIENT EGYPT!!

Location!  The absolute location of Cairo is 30˚ North, 31˚ East  The relative location of Cairo is on the Nile Delta and near the Mediterranean Sea.  The absolute location of Cairo is 30˚ North, 31˚ East  The relative location of Cairo is on the Nile Delta and near the Mediterranean Sea.

Region & Human Environment Interaction  The Nile River and the Nile Delta, Black lands, Red lands, and desert are the physical characteristics of Ancient Egypt.  The natural resources of Egypt are linen, cotton, papyrus, clay, rich soil, and fish, ducks, geese, and other edible water animals  Land uses in Egypt are crops and livestock  The climate is very hot with little precipitation. Even though there is little rain there, the growing season is still most of the year. They get the water from the Nile and the grow the crops all year long EXCEPT for the flooding seasons.  The Egyptians adapted to their environment by using the natural resources for trade, clothes, houses, baskets, food, and boats.  The Nile River and the Nile Delta, Black lands, Red lands, and desert are the physical characteristics of Ancient Egypt.  The natural resources of Egypt are linen, cotton, papyrus, clay, rich soil, and fish, ducks, geese, and other edible water animals  Land uses in Egypt are crops and livestock  The climate is very hot with little precipitation. Even though there is little rain there, the growing season is still most of the year. They get the water from the Nile and the grow the crops all year long EXCEPT for the flooding seasons.  The Egyptians adapted to their environment by using the natural resources for trade, clothes, houses, baskets, food, and boats.

Economics & Movement  Goods are mostly manmade in Egypt.  Baskets, sandals, clothing, fabric, jewelry, statues, pottery, boats, and paper are some major goods of Egypt.  Goods are exchanged with other civilizations at trade routes. The Egyptians would trade something they had plenty of, for things they really needed as a money system.  Goods are transported by boat or animal.  Goods are mostly manmade in Egypt.  Baskets, sandals, clothing, fabric, jewelry, statues, pottery, boats, and paper are some major goods of Egypt.  Goods are exchanged with other civilizations at trade routes. The Egyptians would trade something they had plenty of, for things they really needed as a money system.  Goods are transported by boat or animal.

Political Science & Government  The Egyptians are governed by laws given out by the leaders. The rulers would station a government official at each city to enforce the laws and see to the punishment.  The Pharaohs are the rulers. They are the ones who make the laws.  The Egyptian rulers are selected by royal blood. The next male in the family will take the throne.  Yes, they had basic laws, but not too many that we know about.  The Egyptians are governed by laws given out by the leaders. The rulers would station a government official at each city to enforce the laws and see to the punishment.  The Pharaohs are the rulers. They are the ones who make the laws.  The Egyptian rulers are selected by royal blood. The next male in the family will take the throne.  Yes, they had basic laws, but not too many that we know about.

Knowledge, Education, & the Arts.  New knowledge that was developed by the Egyptians were:  A writing system; hieroglyphics  Medicines; They have developed the oldest known scientific document with 48 diseases and injures, their symptoms, and their cures.  Art; The tomb paintings and the pottery  Architecture; pyramids, temples, monuments, and statues  Calendar; First based on the moon and then on the sun and stars. They could figure out the seasons and when the floods could occur.  We can learn that they are very religious. Many of their art work and writings are about their gods, so we can figure that they worship their gods every second of the day. That built many temples and statues of their gods so they can to worship them. We can learn that they look up to their pharaohs by the tomb paintings on the wall of the pharaohs fighting in battles and praising the gods.  New knowledge that was developed by the Egyptians were:  A writing system; hieroglyphics  Medicines; They have developed the oldest known scientific document with 48 diseases and injures, their symptoms, and their cures.  Art; The tomb paintings and the pottery  Architecture; pyramids, temples, monuments, and statues  Calendar; First based on the moon and then on the sun and stars. They could figure out the seasons and when the floods could occur.  We can learn that they are very religious. Many of their art work and writings are about their gods, so we can figure that they worship their gods every second of the day. That built many temples and statues of their gods so they can to worship them. We can learn that they look up to their pharaohs by the tomb paintings on the wall of the pharaohs fighting in battles and praising the gods.

Religion & Philosophy  The Egyptians believe that there are many gods and goddesses that each have a special job and control something.  The Egyptians believe that the meaning of life is to praise the gods and do everything good in life so they are able to pass the test against the feather of truth and make it into the after life.  Their beliefs affect their lives because every single thing they do is to get into the after life. The Egyptians try to obey everything and they try to do what is right all the time.  The Egyptians believe that there are many gods and goddesses that each have a special job and control something.  The Egyptians believe that the meaning of life is to praise the gods and do everything good in life so they are able to pass the test against the feather of truth and make it into the after life.  Their beliefs affect their lives because every single thing they do is to get into the after life. The Egyptians try to obey everything and they try to do what is right all the time.

Sociology  Yes they live in nuclear and extended families.  There are slaves that are captured from war that serve in the fields or serve as the kings servant.  The classes of Ancient Egypt are:  Pharaohs: The rulers were thought of as gods and are the highest of priests.  Priests: Were the only ones, beside the Pharaoh, that were allowed in the temples.  Royal Family: The wives, children, and relatives of the Pharaoh.  Officials: They were in charge of the taxes, royal store houses, crops, and enforcing the laws and seeing to the punishments  Scribes: They serve as public record keepers and they assist the tax collectors.  Artisans: Such as carpenters, painters, jewelers, brick makers, and store masons.  Farmers: Most Egyptians were farmers and they grew the food for the whole civilization  Slaves: Served kings, worked as servants, and fought in battles.  The daily lives of the Egyptians were, working jobs, hunting, doing chores, worshipping their gods, farming, and trading supplies.  Yes they live in nuclear and extended families.  There are slaves that are captured from war that serve in the fields or serve as the kings servant.  The classes of Ancient Egypt are:  Pharaohs: The rulers were thought of as gods and are the highest of priests.  Priests: Were the only ones, beside the Pharaoh, that were allowed in the temples.  Royal Family: The wives, children, and relatives of the Pharaoh.  Officials: They were in charge of the taxes, royal store houses, crops, and enforcing the laws and seeing to the punishments  Scribes: They serve as public record keepers and they assist the tax collectors.  Artisans: Such as carpenters, painters, jewelers, brick makers, and store masons.  Farmers: Most Egyptians were farmers and they grew the food for the whole civilization  Slaves: Served kings, worked as servants, and fought in battles.  The daily lives of the Egyptians were, working jobs, hunting, doing chores, worshipping their gods, farming, and trading supplies.

Mesopotamia/ Sumer

Location  The absolute location of Sumer is 31˚North, 48˚East.  The relative location of Sumer is between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and near the Persian Gulf  The absolute location of Sumer is 31˚North, 48˚East.  The relative location of Sumer is between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and near the Persian Gulf

Region & Human Environment Interaction  The physical characteristics of Sumer are the Persian Gulf, Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, plains, and the plateau that the civilization is on.  The natural resources are vegetables, wheat, and barley.  The growing season is most of the year because of their irrigation system.  The climate is very hot and has moderate rainfall.  The Sumerians adapted by using the irrigation system to grow crops and they used their natural resources to survive.  The physical characteristics of Sumer are the Persian Gulf, Euphrates and Tigris Rivers, plains, and the plateau that the civilization is on.  The natural resources are vegetables, wheat, and barley.  The growing season is most of the year because of their irrigation system.  The climate is very hot and has moderate rainfall.  The Sumerians adapted by using the irrigation system to grow crops and they used their natural resources to survive.

Economics & Movement  The goods were produced by mostly being hand made.  The goods that were produced were wheat, barley, vegetables, pottery, clothing, and jewelry.  The goods are traded at markets and at trading posts.  Instead of money they traded items that they had plenty of for items they needed very badly.  The goods were transported by animal, but mainly by the rivers.  The goods were produced by mostly being hand made.  The goods that were produced were wheat, barley, vegetables, pottery, clothing, and jewelry.  The goods are traded at markets and at trading posts.  Instead of money they traded items that they had plenty of for items they needed very badly.  The goods were transported by animal, but mainly by the rivers.

Political Science & Government  The people were first governed by a temporary military to protect them from other civilizations. Each leader slowly became more and more powerful. Each leader had eventually became their king.  The Sumerians believed that their gods selected the kings.  They were ruled by laws that if were broken, had harsh consequences.  The people were first governed by a temporary military to protect them from other civilizations. Each leader slowly became more and more powerful. Each leader had eventually became their king.  The Sumerians believed that their gods selected the kings.  They were ruled by laws that if were broken, had harsh consequences.

Knowledge, Education, & the Arts  New knowledge that was produced by the Sumerians was the first wheel, kingship; this was developed because the Sumerians needed to be protected during war; and cuneiform writing.  By their sculptures, temples, paintings, and artwork we can tell that they were very religious.  New knowledge that was produced by the Sumerians was the first wheel, kingship; this was developed because the Sumerians needed to be protected during war; and cuneiform writing.  By their sculptures, temples, paintings, and artwork we can tell that they were very religious.

Religion & Philosophy  They are Polytheistic, which means they believe in many gods.  Believed that the meaning of life was to please the gods so the gods will be happy and will love and protect them.  Because of their beliefs they create many statues, artwork, and temples for their gods. They have many ceremonies for their gods and that affects their culture.  They are Polytheistic, which means they believe in many gods.  Believed that the meaning of life was to please the gods so the gods will be happy and will love and protect them.  Because of their beliefs they create many statues, artwork, and temples for their gods. They have many ceremonies for their gods and that affects their culture.

Sociology  Yes they live in nuclear and extended families.  Yes they had slaves that were captured during war.  The Sumerians had three social classes:  Highest Class was the king, government officials, the highest priests, and the wealthiest merchants and landowners.  Middle Class was the merchants, farmers, fishermen, and artisans  Lower Class was the slaves who were used to farm land. They did have rights such as owning a business and borrowing money, buying their freedom,and if they marry a free person their child will be born free.  Their daily lives were worshiping the gods, working in fields and farming, working jobs, chores, going to market, hunting, and going to school.  Yes they live in nuclear and extended families.  Yes they had slaves that were captured during war.  The Sumerians had three social classes:  Highest Class was the king, government officials, the highest priests, and the wealthiest merchants and landowners.  Middle Class was the merchants, farmers, fishermen, and artisans  Lower Class was the slaves who were used to farm land. They did have rights such as owning a business and borrowing money, buying their freedom,and if they marry a free person their child will be born free.  Their daily lives were worshiping the gods, working in fields and farming, working jobs, chores, going to market, hunting, and going to school.

Israel

Location  The absolute location of Jerusalem is 31˚North, 35˚East.  The relative location is north of Egypt and on the Mediterranean Sea.  The absolute location of Jerusalem is 31˚North, 35˚East.  The relative location is north of Egypt and on the Mediterranean Sea.

Region & Human Environment Interaction