The environmental performance of plastic pipe systems An assessment based on Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Outline About TEPPFA Our goal What is a life-cycle assessment What is an Environmental Product Declaration - EPD Development of EPDs Indicators Plastic pipe systems applications Key results Detailed environmental impact assessment V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

About TEPPFA  TEPPFA is The European Plastic Pipes and Fittings Association representing the key manufacturers of plastic pipe systems and national associations in Europe  TEPPFA is actively involved in the promotion and acceptance of plastic pipe systems for all applications  TEPPFA members decided on voluntary basis to develop EPD’s for their main products V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Our goal This initiative aims to measure the environmental impact of plastic pipe systems throughout their entire life cycle Manufacturing Transport Use End of life V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

What is a life cycle assessment?  A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a standardized tool that reviews the environmental impact of products throughout their entire life cycle  It is the most recognised method to quantify environmental impacts of products, processes and/or systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

What is an Environmental Product Declaration (EPD)?  EPD provides a standard way of communicating the output of a life cycle assessment  EPD allows to make direct comparisons with alternative materials  The EPD provides LCA-based information to assess the environmental performance of plastic pipes over their entire life cycle, from cradle to grave V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Development of EPDs Companies provided data Review Creator of framework Life-cycle assessment V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Indicators The Life Cycle Impact on the environment is divided into the following categories: Acidification potential: emissions from manufacturing processes resulting in acid rain Abiotic depletion: exhaustion of natural resources Eutrophication: over-fertilisation of water and soil Global warming: insulating effect of greenhouse gases, such as CO 2 and methane Ozone layer depletion: depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere caused by emissions of pollutants Photochemical oxidation: photochemical reaction of sunlight with primary air pollutants, that leads to chemical smog V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Applications of plastic pipe systems Soil, waste Water distribution pressure Drainage, sewage Plumbing, Hot & Cold water V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Detailed environmental impact assessment Sewage applications (non pressure) -> PVC sewer solid wall -> PVC multilayer foam -> PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe system -> PP structured (twin) wall Water distribution applications (pressure) -> PE pipe systems -> PVC – U pipe systems -> PVC – O; MRS 31,5 MPa pipe systems -> PVC – O; MRS 45 MPa pipe systems Soil and waste applications -> PP pipe systems -> PVC pipe systems Plumbing, Hot & Cold applications -> PEX solid wall pipe systems -> Polymer/Al/Polymer ML pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Soil and waste applications DRAINAGE - SEWAGE SIDE (non-pressure) Pipe systems PP PVC V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Average appr. 9 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures PP soil & waste pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP soil & waste pipe systems environmental performance Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PP pipe system 1 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PP pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP soil & waste pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC soil & waste pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 14 % Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC soil & waste pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC pipe system 1,6 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC soil & waste pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Water distribution applications (pressure) Pipe systems PE PVC – U PVC – O; MRS 31,5 MPa PVC – O; MRS 45 MPa V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PE water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 19% Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PE water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PE pipe system 8,9 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PE pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PE water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC-U water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 17% Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–U water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC-U pipe system 8,9 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC-U pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–U water pressure pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 14 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC-O; 31,5 MPa pipe system 7,2 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC-O; 31,5 MPa pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 12 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Ductile Iron are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC-O; 45 MPa pipe system 6,1 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC-O; 45 MPa pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Sewage and drainage applications Pipe systems PVC-Solid wall PVC-ML foam PVC-ML foam +recyclates PP twin wall V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 85 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems global warming comparison Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC solid wall pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC solid wall pipe system 26,9 Kg 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 78 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam pipe systems global warming comparison Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC multilayer foam pipe system 22,7 Kg Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC solid wall pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 77 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PVC multilayer recyclates pipe system 21,7 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC multilayer recyclates pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam + recyclates pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP structured (twin wall) pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 79 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP structured (twin wall) pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PP structured (twin) wall pipe system 23,2 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PVC multilayer recyclates pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon 334 Kg V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP structured (twin wall) pipe systems environmental performance Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

SUPPLY SIDE (pressure) Pipe systems PEX solid wall Polymer/Al/Polymer ML Plumbing, Hot & Cold applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PEX hot & cold pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 23 % Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Copper are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km PEX pipe system 0,9 Kg 334 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of PEX solid wall Hot&Cold pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon PEX hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PEX hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Polymer/Al/Polymer ML hot & cold pipe systems environmental performance Average appr. 20% Comparison is based on the functional unit Data for Copper are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Polymer/Al/Polymer ML hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison Global Warming (in Kg CO 2 equivalent) Transport aircraft 2000 km Pol/Al/Pol ML pipe system 0,8 Kg 334 Kg Comparison of the global warming impact of a functional unit of Polymer/Al/Polymer ML Hot&Cold pipe system and 1 person flying from Amsterdam to Lisbon V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Polymer/Al/Polymer ML hot & cold pipe systems global warming comparison Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) Comparison is based on the functional unit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Conclusion The development of EPD’s allows a comprehensive assessment of the environmental impact of plastic pipe systems over their life cycle EPD’s indicate that the impact of plastic pipe systems on the environment is smaller than traditional materials TEPPFA is committed to develop new EPD’s for other types of plastic pipes and fittings TEPPFA members are committed to further reduce the environmental impact of plastic pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Contact info TEPPFA Avenue de Cortenbergh, Brussels Belgium tel: fax: V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Back up slides - Indicators V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Environmental indicators from the life cycle assessment The Life Cycle Impact of the system on the environment is divided into the categories: 1. Abiotic depletion 2. Acidification 3. Eutrophication 4. Global warming 5. Ozone layer depletion 6. Photochemical oxidation V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

1.Abiotic depletion Over-extraction of minerals, fossil fuels and other non-living, non-renewable materials leads to exhaustion of our natural resources 2.Acidification potential Emissions, such as sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides, from manufacturing processes result in acid rain which harms our soil, water supplies, human and animal organisms, and our ecosystem V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

3.Eutrophication potential Eutrophication results from over-fertilisation of water and soil by nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous from human activity, speeding up plant growth and killing off animal life in lakes and waterways 4.Global warming potential (CO 2 equivalent) The insulating effect of greenhouse gases, such as CO 2 and methane, in our atmosphere is a major contributor to global warming, affecting our health and that of the ecosystem in which we live V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

5.Ozone-depletion potential Depletion of the ozone layer in the atmosphere caused by the emission of chemical foaming and cleaning agents allows the passage of greater levels of UV from the sun, causing skin cancer and reducing crop yields 6.Photochemical oxidation potential The photochemical reaction of sunlight with primary air pollutants such as volatile organic compounds and nitrogen oxides leads to chemical smog that affect our health and that of our ecosystem and food crops V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Back up slides – Detailed data V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Important information  All data presented are on yearly basis  Data for traditional materials (Concrete, Ductile Iron and Copper) are based on publicly available data  Traditional material LCA reports have been validated (critical reviews by Denkstatt completed in )  All data are property of TEPPFA  For more information please contact or visit V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC pipe systems for Soil & Waste applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PE water pressure pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PE water pressure pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC-U water pressure pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC-U water pressure pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC-O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC-O; 31,5 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC-O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC-O; 45 MPa water pressure pipe systems – environmental performance V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer solid wall pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer multilayer, foam core pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer multilayer, foam core pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer multilayer, foam + recyclates core pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer multilayer, foam + recyclates core pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP sewer structured (twin wall) pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP sewer structured (twin wall) pipe systems V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PEX pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold, solid wall applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PEX pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold, solid wall applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Polymer/Al/Polymer ML pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Polymer/Al/Polymer ML pipe systems for plumbing, Hot & Cold applications V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Back up slides – sensitivity analyses V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer solid wall – pipe systems environmental performance Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 250 mm Comparison is based on the functional unit Average appr. 92% Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC sewer solid wall – pipe systems global warming comparison Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 250 mm Comparison is based on the functional unit Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam –pipe systems environmental performance Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 250 mm Comparison is based on the functional unit Average appr. 88 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam – pipe systems global warming comparison Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 250 mm Comparison is based on the functional unit Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam + recyclates environmental performance Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 250 mm Comparison is based on the functional unit Average appr. 88 % Data for Concrete are based on publicly available figures V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam + recyclates – global warming comparison Sensitivity analysis vs. concrete DN 250 mm Comparison is based on the functional unit Impact on global warming (in kg CO 2 equivalent) V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Back up slides – function and properties of plastic pipe systems according to their type V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP; Soil & waste pipe systems – functional unit Function  Gravity discharge and transport of soil and waste from an apartment of 100 m 2 to the entrance of a public sewer system Properties Pipes  5 m, plain ended, solid wall, single layer, grey coloured  Diameter range: DN/OD 50; 75;110 mm Fittings  all socket type Pipes and fittings  designed in class S20 according to EN  PP pipe system components (pipes, fittings and rubber rings) are in accordance with EN 1451 Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Soil & waste gravity pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC; Soil & waste pipe systems – functional unit Function  Gravity discharge and transport of soil and waste from a typical European apartment of 100 m 2 to the entrance of a public sewer system Properties Pipes  5 m,  Plain ended, solid wall, single layer, grey coloured  Diameter range: DN/OD 50; 75;110 mm Fittings  all socket type  SBR ring sealed (50%)  Solvent cemented (50%) Pipes and fittings  EN 1329  Application area code: B; BD Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Soil & waste gravity pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PE 100; Water distribution pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PE 100  SDR 17  Wall thickness 6,6 mm  Fittings (EF & BW)  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  EN / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–U; Water distribution pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PVC-U; MRS 25MPa  SDR 26  Pressure class: PN 10  Wall thickness 4,2 mm  Fittings PVC-U and Ductile Iron socketed  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  EN ISO 1452 / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; MRS 31,5 MPa; Water distribution pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PVC-U; MRS 31,5 Mpa  SDR 41  Pressure class: PN 10  Wall thickness 2,7 mm  Fittings PVC-U (EN ISO 1452) and Ductile Iron, socketed  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  ISO / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC–O; MRS 45 MPa; Water distribution pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground pressure transportation of drinking water over a distance of 100 meters from the exit of the water plant to the water meter in a building Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 110 mm  Length 100 m  PVC-U; MRS 45 Mpa  SDR 65  Pressure class: PN 10  Wall thickness 1,8 mm  Fittings PVC-U (EN ISO 1452) and Ductile Iron, socketed  Flow 0,5-2,0 m/s  ISO / EN 805 Service lifetime  100 years Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipe, fittings etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC solid wall; Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Dia: DN/OD 250 mm  SN 4 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PVC-U solid wall SN 4  EN 1401  Socketed  PVC-U fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam core; Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 250 mm  SN 4 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PVC multilayer foam  EN  Socketed  PVC-U fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PVC multilayer foam + recyclates core; Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Diameter: DN/OD 250 mm  SN 4 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PVC multilayer recyclates  EN  Socketed  PVC-U fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PP structured (twin) wall; Sewage pipe systems – functional unit Function  Below ground gravity transportation of sewage over a distance of 100 meters by a typical public sewer system from the collection point to the entrance of the waste treatment plant. Properties  Diameter: DN/ID 300 mm  SN 8 kN/m 2  Length 100 m  Manhole at 45 m intervals  PP structured (twin) wall  EN  Socketed  PP fittings  SBR sealing rings  Slope 1/200  Filling rate 100% Service lifetime  100 years Sewage pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings, etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

PEX; Hot & Cold water pipe systems – functional unit Function  The pressure supply and transport of hot & cold drinking water from the entrance of a typical European apartment of 100 m 2 to the taps Properties Pipes  PEX  Solid wall, single layer Fittings  PPSU and Brass  EN 806 and EN Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Water distribution pressure pipe systems comprising pipes, fittings etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012

Polymer/Aluminium/Polymer; Hot & Cold water pipe systems – functional unit Function  The pressure supply and transport of hot & cold drinking water from the entrance of a typical European apartment of 100 m2 to the taps Properties Pipes  Different wall structures and combinations of PE and PEX materials with Aluminium middle layer  EN ISO Fittings  PPSU and Brass System  EN 806 Service lifetime  50 years (aligned with the life time of the apartment) Water distribution pressure pipe comprising pipes, fittings etc. V-TEPPFA 1N/2012