Chapter 18 The Rise of Russia

In the beginning The first Russian state-centered around the city of Kiev around the 9th century in the 1230’s it was conquered by the Mongols who ruled the region for the next 250 years it fell into disorder in the 15th century and fell under the influence on the state of Moscow

Foundations Different from the West Little commercial exchange BUT major factor in world relationships and balance of power Separate identity from the rest of Europe What do we allow to influence the identity???? How we interact with the West Rise of the Absolute Monarchs

Ivan the Great stopped paying tribute to the Mongols…therefore declared Russian independence Freed much of Russia in 1462 he began the policy called “gathering the Russian land” and built Moscow into a large and powerful state Orthodox church affirmed that Ivan was chosen by God and started calling Moscow the “third Rome” Rurik Dynasty

Ivan the Terrible First Tsar Married Anastasia Romanov Reign of terror Continued Russian expansion Wanted to control the Russian nobles Boyars

The Time of Troubles Ivan dies without an heir Causes problems SHOCKER Poland and Sweden was also attacking Boyars fought over who would be in control They choose a young boy from the Romanov family

The Romanov Alexis Michael Stopped the strengthening of the Nobles Gained power over the Church Michael Reestablished internal order and stopped the poles and the Swedes Resumed expansion Got Kiev back from Poland Closest relative to Anastasia Reigns as an eastern monarch Kremlin: Fortified area

Peter The Great Absolute Monarch Took more power Autocrat Make the culture and the economy more western Created a trained military Able to defeat the rivals Sweden was never to be world power again

Peter and the West He used only what he thought would better Russia Not a worldwide export economy The economy should support the military Revised tax system Began mining iron: more manufacturing Gave more power to women without actually changing gender relations His wife breaks the Terem Created a set of advisors he could control

Second Time of Troubles After Peter Dies and a question of heir: HAHAHA Peter’s Wife Catherine I Anna (Peter’s Daughter) Elizabeth (Peter’s Daughter) Peter (Elizabeth’s Nephew) AND Catherine II

Catherine The Great Wife of Peter III German Princess and very smart Takes control for herself with the help of peasant uprising German Princess and very smart Loved by the people Made people believe she was an Enlightened Despot

Catherine and the West Wanted Enlightened ideas but also wanted to be a STRONG central monarch (absolute) Wrote to Voltaire Put on a show of being more western HOWEVER a great number of western ideas were able to get to Russia even if they were not used right away Divided Poland Very Important

Cossacks Peasant adventurers who were encouraged to move to newly acquired lands Russian Cowboys Not an ethnic group but an ideological group Horse people Fled the Russian empire Serfs and others wanting to escape Asian elements

Pugachev Pugachev Rebellion Claimed to be the true tsar Promised to end serfdom, taxes, military conscription However, it was not a unified army Captured and executed

Serfdom in Russia During the Mongols the peasants were free farmers After the Mongols they needed to sell their land because of debts Russian government supported the nobility having serfs It was a way to control the masses and keep the nobles rich and happy Became more like slavery: Bought, sold, given, gambled Coursed labor

Anne

Elizabeth I

Paul I