 Not all of the A of C were ineffective  Settlement of the “western lands” was decided

The United States in 1787

State Claims to Western Lands

 O of 1784: ◦ Western land that was owned by states was ceded to the federal gov’t ◦ Divided into ten self-governing districts  Could petition for statehood  Sought to avoid creating second class citizens  O of 1785: ◦ Created a system of surveying and selling land

 O of 1785 divided up land into a grid ◦ Jefferson’s plan  Influenced by the Enlightenment ideas of mathematical forms of land distribution  Became the norm for land distribution in land west of the Appalachians

Land Ordinance Plot #16 was set aside for public education Public Land sold for $1.00 to $2.00 an acre = pay debt Northwest Territory

 O of 1785 let land be sold and that went sideways ◦ Sold only to a few speculators  Too much land power in the hands of the few  Abandoned the earlier ten districts and created a single Northwest Territory ◦ Lands north of the Ohio

 Could be split into between three and five territories ◦ 60,000 residents= new state!  New rules ◦ You will be working with these today!  Surprise!  Too much expansion and some uncontrolled expansion led to conflicting land claims in that region (Way to go Congress!!)

Ohio 1 ST STEP WHEN PEOPLE FIRST SETTLE IN THE AREA: Congress appoints a governor and three judges to govern the territory 2 nd STEP 5,000 FREE ADULT MALES: Landowners elect a congress to make laws and raise taxes with approval of governor. 1 representative is elected to the US Congress who can debate but not vote. 3 rd STEP 60,000 SETTLERS: Becomes a state, with its own government and constitution. New states admitted with same rights as the original states. No more than 5 states can carved out of this area.

 Confederation divided up, and gave away, land that was already claimed by N.A. tribes!  Tried to persuade N.A. tribes to sign treaties ceding those western lands ◦ Didn’t work  Fighting broke out ◦ 1790 & 1791 the Miami tribe beat US forces in two major battles on the Ohio frontier

 Battle of Fallen Timbers ◦ Gen. Anthony Wayne ◦ 4,000 troops  US defeated the Miami  Miami signed the Treaty of Greenville ◦ Ceded major lands to the US in exchange for a formal acknowledgement of their claim to the territory  Affirmed that N.A. lands could only be ceded by the tribes themselves  Yea, right!