Prologue: The Story of Psychology A Short History, But a Long Past.

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Presentation transcript:

Prologue: The Story of Psychology A Short History, But a Long Past

Ancient Greeks  Is the mind separate from the brain?  Are ideas inborn or is the mind a blank slate filled by experience?  What is the source of love?  How do we experience pain?

Ancient Greeks  Aristotle derived ideas from observations  Said that knowledge is not preexisting  Developed ideas about personality, memory, motivation, and emotion

Prescientific Psychology  Scientific Revolution  The influence of Newton  The influence of Locke  Empiricism  Knowledge comes from experience via the senses  Science flourishes through observation and experiment

Psychology’s Roots  Psychological Science Develops  Wundt--German philosopher and physiologist  James--American philosopher  Pavlov--Russian physiologist  Freud--Austrian physician  Piaget--Swiss biologist

Foundations of Modern Psychology  Wilhelm Wundt opened the first psychology laboratory at the University of Liepzig (c. 1879)

Foundations of Modern Psychology  Structuralism  Studied immediate experience  Used introspection (looking in) to explore the elemental structure of the human mind  Founded Wundt’s student E.B Titchener

Foundations of Modern Psychology  Functionalism  Focused on the function of mental processes  Founded by William James in 1898  Heavily influenced by Charles Darwin

Foundations of Modern Psychology zGestalt yFounded by Wolfgang Kholer and others in 1910 yArgued that the analysis of the mind could not be broken into its component parts yThe whole is greater than the sum of its parts xThe mind seeks to synthesize information xThe mind is an active agent, not a passive receptacle

Gestalt Psychology

Foundations of Modern Psychology zEarly Behaviorism yFounded by American John Watson in 1913 yShifted attention from mental activity to observable behavior yBehavior can be shaped by manipulating and changing the environment

Watson on Behaviorism “Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-formed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take anyone at random and train him to become any type of specialist I might select; doctor, lawyer, artist, merchant. And yes, even beggarman and thief, regardless of his talents, tendencies, abilities, and race of his ancestors”

Foundations of Modern Psychology zPsychoanalysis yDeveloped outside the university setting yFounded by Sigmund Freud in 1895 yFreud concluded that unconscious mental forces direct our behavior yUtilized free- association and hypnosis

Definition of Psychology The scientific study of behavior and mental processes

The parable of the six blind men and the elephant