Objective 2.03-Unit 4 Explain how the United States Constitution grants and limits the authority of public officials and government agencies. I: What is the Federal Bureaucracy? A: The agencies and employees of the Executive Branch.

I: Bureaucracy Bureaucracy-large, complex administrative structure that handles business Hierarchical authority, job specialization, formalized rules, professional. Civil Service- lower level government employees Organized under the executive branch- President is the chief administrator, appoints high level positions

II: Selected Agencies Executive Office of the President –President’s closest advisors ( his Administration) –National Security Council VP, CIA director, Sec. of State, Sec. of Defense. Executive Departments –Cabinet-advisors and head of departments (15) Ex: Department of Homeland Security Ex: Department of Justice ( Attorney General) Others: OMB Office of Management and Budget( handles Presidents and Congress’ budget)

III. Independent Executive Agencies- deal with certain specialized areas within the government. A. National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (NASA) 1. operates the space program B. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) 1. insures money in member banks C. Federal Reserve System (the FED) 1. Regulates our economy and our money supply. Makes sure that there is not too much money out there for people to spend. D.FEMA : handles disaster relief-under Homeland Security

Independent agencies cont. IRS: Internal Revenue Service: handles collection and processing of tax revenues. NEA: National Endowment of the Arts: promotes arts and arts programs in the US

IV: Regulatory Agencies 1. Carry out laws and programs that the Congress has created. 2. Regulatory Agencies regulate, or police, the activities of organizations, or protect the public. –a. Federal Communications Commission (FCC) rules for TV and radio stations –b. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)- prevents air and water pollution –c. Occupational Safety and Health Adm. (OSHA)- makes sure workplaces are safe.

d. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)- makes sure that food, drugs, cosmetics are pure, effective, and truthfully labeled. e. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)- ensures safety with airlines. f. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)- Regulates financial markets (stock markets), stop dishonest investment practices.

Other examples TSA- Airport Security FBI- domestic law enforcement DEA- Enforces drug trafficking and smuggling ATF-enforces alcohol, tobacco and firearms CDC- regulates vaccines and monitors diseases BBB- promotes business ethics and consumer complaints NTSB: Investigates plane, train, and bus accidents

Government Corporations: look and act like private companies. PBS-Public Broadcasting Station USPS-United States Postal Service Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae- TVA

4. Presidents Cabinet: Advisory Group chosen by president to help accomplish the work of the executive branch. Dept. of State Dept. of Treasury Dept. of Defense Dept. of Justice Dept. of Interior Dept. Agriculture Dept. of Commerce Dept. of Labor Dept. Health and Human Services Dept. of House and Urban Development Dept. of Transportation Dept. of Energy Dept. of Education Dept. Veterans Affairs Dept. Of Homeland Security- newest cabinet post- 2002

People who work for agencies within the federal government are called the federal bureaucracy. Executive department top leadership jobs go to political appointees –people whom the president has chosen because they have proven abilities or were supporters of the election campaign. These people are political appointees and leave when new administrations take over. 90% of all national gov. employees are civil service workers. They have permanent employment thru the civil service system.

Before Spoils System was in place. Each new president chose people as a reward for political support. All old workers were replaced with new workers. “To the victor belong the spoils (jobs)” President James Garfield was assassinated by a disgruntled man who was denied a job under the system. Public outrage led Congress to pass the Pendleton Act in 1883.

Pendleton Act- Civil Service Reform Act The reform act placed limits on the number of jobs a new president could create to backers and friends. The Office of Personnel Management directs and sets standards for govt. employees. Merit System: employees must pass the Civil Service exam to be qualified for employment