Freytag’s Pyramid

SAT Warm-up

Girl and Everyday Use

A&P and A Retrieved Reformation

Hughes and Hemingway

Vocabulary

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Freytag’s pyramid is used to diagram this.

What is the plot structure of a story?

Freytag’s pyramid is based on a basic design created by this Greek philosopher around 350 BCE.

Who is Aristotle?

This is Freytag’s name for the beginning of the pyramid – the part of the story when we meet the characters.

What is the exposition?

This is Freytag’s name for height of the action of the story.

What is the climax?

This is Freytag’s name for the end of the story, when all the loose ends get tied up.

What is the resolution?

Many feature films are criticized for their _____________ content, even though television news is more often the medium that depicts violent events in excessive detail. A.discretionary B.graphic C.dramatic D.artistic E.honest

(b) graphic

Pam Cruise and Jim Braswell, (A)neither of (B)whom takes the bus to work, (C)is secretly plotting (D)to take over the world. (E)No error.

(c) is

Although Jane’s professors reproached her as a ______________ during her first year in college, she became attentive and _____________ once she found a major that interested her. A.neophyte…assiduous B.sycophant…critical C.loafer…focused D.beginner…average E.shirker…distracted

(C) loafer…focused

Everyone (A)on the softball team (B)who came up to bat squinted (C)at the pitcher in order to keep the sun’s glaring rays out of (D)their eyes. (E)No error.

(d) their eyes

The statistics released by the state department makes the economic situation look bleaker than it really is. A.makes the economic situation look bleaker than it really is B.makes the economic situations look bleaker than they really are C.make the economic situations look bleaker than it really is D.make the economic situation look bleaker than it really is E.make the economic situation look more bleak than it really is

(d) make the economic situation look bleaker than it really is

“Girl” employs this type of narration, which ignores formal structure in favor of a free flow of ideas.

What is stream- of- consciousness?

“Girl” is this type of story, which can be read on two levels: the literal and the symbolic.

What is an allegory?

In “Girl,” the relationship between the mother and the daughter could be seen as representing this.

What is the relationship between an empire and a colony (England and Antigua)?

As “Everyday Use” features a character that returns home after some time away, it could be considered this type of narrative.

What is a prodigal child story?

In “Everyday Use,” Wangero and Hakim- a-barber represent a popular movement that had African- Americans embracing this religion.

What is Islam or the Muslim religion?

In “A Retrieved Reformation,” Jimmy Valentine is likened to this mytical bird.

What is a phoenix?

“A Retrieved Reformation” features this type of “twist” ending.

What is an ironic ending?

This is a type of effect in which the greater the expectation placed on someone, the greater they perform.

What is the Pygmalion Effect?

As the narrator has a realization that adult life will be much more difficult, “A & P” is an example of this type of narrative.

What is a coming-of-age narrative?

“A & P” is an example of a work from this literary time period, as it realistic character- driven piece written in the 1900s.

What is the Modernist period (or Modernism)?

This was Hemingway’s name for his theory that he only needed to include 10% in the story, and the readers could figure out the other 90%.

What is the iceberg theory?

Langston Hughes, author of “Theme for English B,” was part of this literary movement.

What is the Harlem Renaissance?

Judging by the fact that he lives at the Y, we can probably make the inference that Langston Hughes is this.

What is poor?

“Theme for English B” is written in this style of poetry, which largely ignores rhyme scheme and meter.

What is free verse?

When Langston Hughes uses the phrase “Bessie, bop, or Bach,” he is employing this literary device.

What is alliteration?

News of famine in various parts of the world has given added (nostalgia, impetus, duplicity) to the drive to increase food production.

What is impetus?

Because I was not even born when the Beatles were at the height of their popularity, their albums do not fill me with (duplicity, nostalgia, impetus).

What is nostalgia?

Though it may appear rather ordinary to the casual reader, Lincoln’s Gettysburg Address is to me the (impetus, nostalgia, quintessence) of eloquence.

What is quintessence?

After shouting at each other rather angrily, the participants in the roundtable discussion calmed down and parted (feasibly, belligerently, amicably).

What is amicably?

Do you think you are being fair in passing judgment on my poem after such a (benevolent, cursory, amicable) reading?

What is cursory?

Ernest Hemingway’s style of writing represented a departure from the style of writing of this time period.

What is the Victorian Age?