What do you call a sleeping bull? The Judicial System Page 61 What do you call a sleeping bull? A bulldozer!

Standard 10a Essential Understandings: The judicial function is exercised in a dual court system, which consists of state courts and federal courts. Essential Questions: How are federal courts organized, and what jurisdiction does each exercise? How are state courts organized, and what jurisdiction does each exercise? Vocabulary: dual court system, jurisdiction, U.S. Supreme Court, U.S. Court of Appeals, U.S. District Court, Virginia Supreme Court, Virginia Court of Appeals, Virginia Circuit Courts, General District Courts, Juvenile and Domestic Relations Court, small claims court

Candy Questions

Which fundamental political principle means that the government and those who govern are bound by the law?

Which early document established the first written plan of government for the U.S.?

Which purpose of the government according to the Preamble is illustrated here?

Who may propose an amendment to the U.S. Constitution?

Which amendment to the U. S Which amendment to the U.S. Constitution defines citizenship and protects due process rights from actions of the states?

Which First Amendment freedom is illustrated here?

List three of your four civic duties.

Where do we find differences between the political parties?

Why did Congress write campaign finance reform laws?

How many days before the general election is voter registration closed in Virginia?

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The judicial function is exercised in a dual court system, which consists of state courts and federal courts.

The United States has a separate court system whose organization and jurisdiction are derived from the Constitution of the United States of America and federal laws.

Virginia, like each of the other forty-nine states, has its own court system whose organization and jurisdiction are derived from Virginia’s constitution and state laws.

United States Court System

Jurisdiction: Original for felony criminal cases U.S. District Court Judge with juries Jurisdiction: Original for felony criminal cases

Jurisdiction: Appellate U.S. Court of Appeals Justices / no jury Jurisdiction: Appellate

Justices / no jury Jurisdiction: Appellate and Limited Original United States Supreme Court Justices / no jury Jurisdiction: Appellate and Limited Original

Virginia Court System

General District Court and Juvenile and Domestic Relations District Court Judge / no jury Original jurisdiction of misdemeanors and civil cases generally involving lower dollar amounts and original jurisdiction in juvenile and family cases

Appellate jurisdiction from general district courts. Circuit Court Judge and jury Original jurisdiction for felony criminal cases and for certain civil cases Appellate jurisdiction from general district courts.

Court of Appeals of Virginia Judges / no jury Appellate jurisdiction – reviews decisions of circuit courts

Virginia Supreme Court Justices / no jury Court of final appeal (Appellate jurisdiction) Limited original jurisdiction

On the left-hand side of your notebook, write these words and their definitions from the textbook. You need to understand these terms in order to understand this unit! Plaintiff 14) Lawsuit Defendant 15) Jury of peers Original jurisdiction 16) Due process of law Appeal Appellate jurisdiction Felony Misdemeanor Civil law Criminal law Probable cause Warrant Arraignment Bail