European Conquest & Colonization in Americas Chapter 20 Section 1.

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Presentation transcript:

European Conquest & Colonization in Americas Chapter 20 Section 1

PortugalSpain EnglandFrench

Today’s Goal  You will be able to… Explain the methods of conquest and colonization of the Europeans in the New World. Colonies = land controlled by outside country

Voyages of Columbus Goal = sea route to India San Salvador in Caribbean los indios (Indians) Colonies

Portuguese Conquest & Colonization Amerigo Vespucci  - Declared S. America was Mundus Novus or “New World” - Americas named after him Waldseemuller’s Map – labeled S. America after Amerigo

Portuguese Conquest & Colonization Brazil No gold, silver, BUT…land was perfect for sugar plantations –High demand for sugar in Europe

1518 – Vasco Núñez Balboa  went through Panama & became first to see the Pacific Ocean 1519 – Ferdinand Magellan  his crew was first to sail around the world

Spanish Conquistadors Hernando Cortes  Aztecs (Montezuma) Francisco Pizarro  Inca (Atahualpa) Why was Cortes able to conquer the Aztecs? Misconceptions Superior weapons (gun) Support from rival tribes (who despised Aztecs) Disease!!!

Spanish Conquistadors Francisco Pizarro  Incan Empire Kidnapped Atahualpa – ransomed for gold –Killed anyway Inca retreated

How did Spain rule the natives in the New World? Similar to Reconquista –F–Forced assimilation Encomienda system – serfdom or slavery?

How did success in exploration & conquest affect Spain? Golden Age in arts & culture Bigger navy, military, power

Spain’s Religious Purpose in North America Santa Fe (“Holy Faith”), New Mexico  Catholicism!

What was the resistance to Spanish rule in the Americas?

England in N. America Escape religious persecution Colonize – populate settlements Natural resources for England Conflict w/natives

French & Dutch in N. America Fur trade –French  not settlement –Dutch  few, small settlements (diverse) Better relations w/natives