E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Solomon et al., 2007 Chapter 9 Frontispiece. A multiclimate model average projection of global surface temperature changes in the decade compared with the years

Figure 9.1. Modeling global mean surface temperature E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Hegerl et al.,

E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Hegerl et al., 2007 Figure 9.2. Spatial distribution of observed warming compared with the distribution obtained from model simulations, and

Figure 9.3. Projected changes in mean global surface temperature under three emissions scenarios E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: IPCC,

Figure 9.4. Projected changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea-level air pressure for winter (December-February) and summer (June-August), E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Meehl et al.,

Table 9.1. Changes in the growth of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions required by 2050 to bring about specific warming targets E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: IPCC, to to to to to to +140 a CO 2 -eq is the concentration of CO 2 that would have the same radiative forcing as the forcing due to all the greenhouse gases (CO 2, methane, nitrogen oxide, ozone, halocarbons). b The equilibrium global mean temperature = temperature at the same time the climate finally stops changing (i.e. after all the committed warming has occurred) above the pre-industrial temperature. Additional Radiative Forcing (W/m 2 ) Atmospheric CO 2 Contents (ppm) CO 2 -eq Contents (ppm) a Target Temperature Increase b (°C) Peak Year for Emissions Change in Emissions By 2050 (% of 2000 Emissions) 103