AP Biology Domain Eubacteria Domain Archaea Domain Eukarya Common ancestor Kingdom: Animals Domain Eukarya

AP Biology Animal Characteristics  ________________  must ingest others for nutrients  ________________  complex bodies  ________________  allows active movement  ________________  no alternation of generations  no haploid gametophyte

AP Biology Fig Silicea ANCESTRAL COLONIAL FLAGELLATE Metazoa Eumetazoa “Porifera” Bilateria Deuterostomia Lophotrochozoa Ecdysozoa Calcarea Ctenophora Cnidaria Acoela Echinodermata Chordata Platyhelminthes Rotifera Ectoprocta Brachiopoda Mollusca Annelida Nematoda Arthropoda radial bilateral

AP Biology Body Cavity ectoderm mesoderm endoderm ectoderm mesoderm endoderm mesoderm endoderm acoelomate pseudocoelomate coelomate coelom cavity pseudocoel  Space for organ system development  increase digestive & reproductive systems  increase food capacity & digestion  increase gamete production  ______________  mesoderm & endoderm interact during development  allows complex structures to develop in digestive system  ex. stomach protostome vs. deuterostome

AP Biology Invertebrate: ______________  _____________  __________________________  do have specialized cells  __________________________  sessile (as adults) food taken into each cell by endocytosis

AP Biology Invertebrate: _______________  ____________________________________  _______________________  two cell layers  _______________  predators  tentacles surround gut opening  extracellular digestion  release enzymes into gut cavity  absorption by cells lining gut medusapolyp

AP Biology hydra stinging cell with nematocyst trigger discharged nematocyst undischarged nematocyst tentacles mouth sensory cell stinging cell Stinging cells of Cnidarians

AP Biology Invertebrate: __________________ ectoderm mesoderm endoderm  _________________  ______________________  mostly parasitic  ______________________  have right & left & then have head (anterior) end & posterior end  ______________= development of brain  concentration of sense organs in head  increase specialization in body plan Animals now face the world head on! acoelomate

AP Biology Invertebrate: _____________  _________________  ______________________  ______________________ (with exceptions)  soft bodies, mostly protected by hard shells  ______________________  increases complexity & specialization of internal organs

AP Biology Invertebrate: ________________  _____________________  ______________________  increase mobility  redundancy in body sections  ______________________ fan wormleech

AP Biology Invertebrate: ______________  ______________________  ______________________  pseudocoelom = simple body cavity  digestive system  tube running through length of body (mouth to anus)  many are parasitic  hookworm C. elegans

AP Biology Invertebrate: _________________  _____________________________  most successful animal phylum  ______________________  specialized segments  allows jointed appendages  ______________________  chitin (carbohydrate) + protein

AP Biology Arthropod groups insects 6 legs, 3 body parts crustaceans gills, 2 pairs antennae crab, lobster, barnacles, shrimp arachnids 8 legs, 2 body parts spiders, ticks, scorpions

AP Biology Invertebrate: __________________  Starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumber  _____________________as adults  spiny endoskeleton  ______________________ loss of bilateral symmetry?

AP Biology Invertebrate quick check…  Which group includes snails, clams, and squid?  Which group is the sponges?  Which are the flatworms? …segmented worms? …roundworms?  Which group has jointed appendages & an exoskeleton?  Which two groups have radial symmetry?  What is the adaptive advantage of bilateral symmetry?  Which group has no symmetry? Invertebrates: Porifera, Cnidaria, Platyhelminthes, Nematoda, Annelida, Mollusca, Arthropoda, Echinodermata

AP Biology  ____________________  _____________________________________  _______________________  backbone encasing spinal column  skull-encased brain  _____________ postanal tail notochord hollow dorsal nerve cord pharyngeal pouches _________________ becomes brain & spinal cord becomes vertebrae becomes gills or Eustachian tube becomes tail or tailbone Oh, look… your first baby picture! vertebrate embryo

AP Biology Vertebrates: __________ salmon, trout, sharks 450 mya  Characteristics  body structure  bony & cartilaginous skeleton  jaws & paired appendages (fins)  ____________  body function  __________for gas exchange  ________________________; single loop blood circulation  ____________________  reproduction  _____________________  external development in aquatic egg gills body

AP Biology Transition to Land Evolution of tetrapods Tibia Femur Fibula Humerus Shoulder Radius Ulna Tibia Femur Pelvis Fibula Lobe-finned fish Humerus Shoulder Radius Ulna Pelvis Early amphibian Tiktaalik

AP Biology lung buccal cavity glottis closed Vertebrates: ______________  Characteristics  body structure  legs (tetrapods)  _________________  ______________________  body function  lungs (positive pressure) & diffusion through skin for gas exchange  _________________________; veins from lungs back to heart  __________________  reproduction  _______________________________  metamorphosis (tadpole to adult) frogs salamanders toads 350 mya lungs body heart

AP Biology Vertebrates: ____________  Characteristics  body structure  ___________________________  body function  lungs for gas exchange  thoracic breathing; negative pressure  ___________________________  reproduction  ___________________________ 250 mya dinosaurs, turtles lizards, snakes alligators, crocodile embryo leathery shell chorion allantois yolk sac amnion lungs body heart

AP Biology Vertebrates: ______________  Characteristics  body structure  ________________  thin, hollow bone; flight skeleton  body function  very efficient lungs & air sacs  ___________________________  reproduction  i___________________________  ___________________________ 150 mya finches, hawk ostrich, turkey trachea anterior air sacs lung posterior air sacs lungs body heart

AP Biology muscles contract diaphragm contracts Vertebrates: _____________ 220 mya / 65 mya  Characteristics  body structure  ____________________  specialized teeth  body function  lungs, diaphragm; negative pressure  ______________________  reproduction  ______________________  _____________________________  birth live young  ______________________ mice, ferret elephants, bats whales, humans lungs body heart

AP Biology Vertebrates: Mammals  Sub-groups  _______________________  ______________________  lack placenta & true nipples  duckbilled platypus, echidna  ________________________  ______________________  offspring feed from nipples in pouch  short-lived placenta  koala, kangaroo, opossum  _______________________  ______________________  nutrient & waste filter  shrews, bats, whales, humans

AP Biology Vertebrate quick check…  Which vertebrates lay eggs with shells?  Which vertebrates are covered with scales?  What adaptations do birds have for flying?  What kind of symmetry do all vertebrates have?  Which vertebrates are ectothermic and which are endothermic  Why must amphibians live near water?  What reproductive adaptations made mammals very successful?  What characteristics distinguish the 3 sub- groups of mammals?

AP Biology That’s the buzz! Any Questions?