Calakmul The importance of Calakmul has only been recently appreciated, due to its isolated location and the fact that all of its monuments are made of.

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Presentation transcript:

Calakmul The importance of Calakmul has only been recently appreciated, due to its isolated location and the fact that all of its monuments are made of a soft variety of limestone which erodes easily. Discovered in 1931, excavated by William Folan, and in by Ramón Carrasco of INAH. It is the largest Classical period Mayan city with the largest pyramid. It ranges over 30 sq. km. and there are 117 monuments.

The site is surrounded by the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve, and is accessible only by a two-lane 60km long road. Wild Turkey, not the liquid kind.

Snakes aplenty

Spider Monkey

Called Kaan “Snake” Settlement at the site begins in the Middle Preclassic. Calakmul may have been a sister site to El Miradór. Structure 2 at Calakmul and El Tigre at El Miradór display the same dieties.

Four royal burials were found inside structure 2

A gap in Calakmul’s chronology lasts from AD. Dzibanche was under the authority of Kaan leaders in the 5 th century. Tuun K’ab Hix presides over the accession of a king of Naranjo in 546 AD. King Sky Witness installs a king in Los Alarcranes in 561 AD. Calakmul defeats Tikal in 562 AD, producing the “hiatus” in Tikal’s records which lasts 130 years. Tikal’s king Wak Chan K’awill is sacrificed. Sky Witness dies 572 AD. Uneh Chan “Scroll Serpent” ascend to throne in 579 AD. He attacks Palenque in 599 and defeats them in 611 AD.

631 AD Naranjo king is defeated in a “star war” attack and is k’uxaj “tortured” or “eaten.” Victorious king is Yuknoom “Head.” Calakmul’s greatest king was Yuknoom Ce’en II. He was responsible for erecting the most monuments at Calakmul, and under him the power fo Calakmul reached its greatest extent. He died in 689 AD.

Calakmul’s golden age ends in August 695 AD when Yich’aak K’ak’ meets the king of Tikal Jasaw Chan K’awill I in battle. “His flint and shield were brought down.” The Calakmul diety yajaw maan is captured. Yich’aak K’ak is thought to be buried in tomb #4. Calakmul is again defeated by Tikal between 733 and 736. Calakmul’s authority has collapsed by 830 AD, though the site continues to be inhabited past 900 AD.

Structure 8: Astronomical observation post, said to be alligned with stars.

Recently discovered murals in Building 1 of the North Acropolis (Chiik Naab Acropolis). The lady in blue and the two seated men have been interpreted to be nobles.

Funerary equipment from Calakmul’s Royal Tombs