Interbull Meeting – Dublin 2007 Genetic Parameters of Butter Hardness Estimated by Test-Day Model Hélène Soyeurt 1,2, F. Dehareng 3, C. Bertozzi 4 & N. Gengler 1,5 1 Animal Science Unit, Gembloux Agricultural University, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium 2 Fond pour la Recherche dans l’Industrie et l’Agriculture (F.R.I.A.), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium 3 Quality Department, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, B-5030 Gembloux, Belgium 4 Research & Development Department, Walloon Breeders Association, B-5590 Ciney, Belgium 5 National Fund for Scientific Research (F.N.R.S.), B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
Introduction Fatty acids (FA) composition influences the technological properties of butter Already Coulter and Hill (1934) showed breed differences: Butter of Channel Island was firmer than the one produced by Holstein or Ayrshire cows Bobe et al. (2003): UNSAT spreadable, softer and less adhesive Phenotypic variation in FA composition among cows fed with the same diet was sufficient to produce butter with different textural properties.
Objectives Estimate the genetic parameters of the hardness of butter and Estimate its correlations with milk yield, fat and protein contents using a multi-trait random regression test-day model.
Materials & Methods Data: Cows 85% Holstein in the first lactation 3,853 spectral test-day records Between April 2005 and May 2007 Walloon milk recording MilkoScan FT6000 1,099 cows in 87 herds Added historical data for cows and herds First lactation test-day milk yields, %FAT, %PROT Final data: 57,759 test-day records from 7,070 cows
Materials & Methods Prediction of FA: Soyeurt et al. (2006) : capillary column of 50m length New calibration equations : capillary column of 100m length R²cv for SAT = 0.97 R²cv for UNSAT = 0.93 Hardness of butter : SAT/UNSAT
Materials & Methods Estimation of (co)variance components: Multi-trait random regression model: Milk yield, %FAT, %PROT and SAT/UNSAT Fixed effects: Herd * test day Class of 15 DIM ( 365 were deleted) Class of age (<29 mo, mo and 33 mo) Random effects: Random regressions: –Herd*calving year –Permanent environment –Animal genetic effect Residual effects considered independent
Results & Discussion Table 1. Heritability estimates on lactation and average daily heritability values calculated for all studied traits.
Results & Discussion Table 2. Phenotypic (above the diagonal) and genetic correlations (below the diagonal) among studied traits. Phenotypic correlation close to 0 suggested no dilution effect Strong negatively genetic correlations with milk yield
Results & Discussion Table 2. Phenotypic (above the diagonal) and genetic correlations (below the diagonal) among studied traits. Hardness of butter was affected by milk composition Stronger link between %FAT and SAT/UNSAT
Results & Discussion Figure 1. Phenotypic correlations among traits within DIM. Milk – SAT/UNSAT Linear increase Dilution effect %FAT – SAT/UNSAT Strong link Increased when %FAT decreased %PROT-SAT/UNSAT Stable
Results & Discussion Figure 2. Genetic correlations among traits within DIM. Higher than phenotypic correlations Milk – SAT/UNSAT Dilution effect %FAT – SAT/UNSAT Strong link %PROT-SAT/UNSAT Stable
Conclusion & Perspectives First results: Genetic variability of the hardness of butter seemed to exist Affected by milk production Influenced by the variation of %FAT but less by the variation of %PROT Perspectives: From Sept. 2007, all spectra will be recorded In a few years, more data will be available for modeling and potential genetic evaluations
Thank you for your attention Acknowledgement : Study supported of FRIA through grant scholarship and FNRS through grants F and Corresponding author : Hélène Soyeurt Passage des Déportés, Gembloux BELGIUM