English 2034 America & Benito Cereno

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Presentation transcript:

English 2034 America & Benito Cereno

First History First nations (“Indians”) prehistory in North and Central America

First Settlements Jamestown (1608) Puritan dissenters and providence

First Settlements “A new heaven and a new earth” “Divine providence”

Jamestown Massacre, 1622 Indian / European hostilities

European possessions at 1750

American War of Independence 1765-83 War and constitutionalism The ‘rebel’ attitude

The Old South French / European aristocratic values Classless, or not? Questionable allegiances to industrial north?

Civil War, 1861-65 North / South legacy

Slavery Southern bitterness after reconstruction Freedom and racism

The sea in Literature The “romance” of exploration and travel Shipping as a commercial and capitalistic activity, but also adventure Are ships what trains, then cars, then airplanes represent? Freedom?

Herman Melville (1819-91) Born in New York City to a merchant of French goods Became a teacher, then a sailor in 1839 Married; moved his family to Massachusetts in 1850; became a customs inspector Major novel: Moby Dick (1851) Died of cardiovascular disease Little critical success in his lifetime

Benito Cereno First serialized in Putnam's Monthly in 1855 Re-published in The Piazza Tales (1856) Based on a real encounter with a ship overthrown by mutinous slaves in 1805 Critical reception: “read by some as racist and pro-slavery and by others as anti-racist and abolitionist”

1807: International slavery prohibited by Congress 1865: Slavery abolished

Themes European racist fears of “black rage”; Caliban in Shakespeare’s Tempest Is Melville criticizing Captain Delano for not seeing how evil the black slaves are– or does he see them as fighting for their freedom? Is Babo a murderous monster, or a misunderstood victim? How innocent is Captain Delano in this economy of slavery? Or: is it just a story about “evil,” with no real race question?