Chapter 5: Causes of the Civil War Core Lesson 1: Worlds Apart

Slavery in the United States Slavery grew in the South after the invention of the cotton gin. Slavery beginnings – 13 colonies had slaves – After War for Independence Many Northern states abolished slavery Southern states kept slavery – Constitutional Conventions argued against slavery

Slavery in the United States The Growth of Slavery – George Mason Virginia slaveowner Called slavery a “national sin” – Cotton gin invented Cotton easier to produce Demand for cotton was high in Britain and New England Demand for slaves grew higher – Slavery grew in South 1790 = 700,000 slaves 1860 = 4,000,000 slaves

Slavery in the United States Resistance to Slavery – Nat Turner (Virginia slave) Rebelled against slave owners Killed 59 people before stopped – Turner’s rebellion’s effect Laws controlled African Americans Ex: black ministers needed white person present to preach – North and South disagreed about slavery South = slavery kept up economy North = slavery kept economy from growing faster and was wrong

Slavery in the United States Review: What led to the growth of slavery in the early 1800s?

North and South The many differences between the North and South divided the two regions – Southern economy = agricultural Some large cotton plantations Many small farms with no slaves – Northern economy = factories/manufacturing Made textiles, shoes, tools, and other goods Few farms

North and South The Tariff – Tariff = tax on imported goods – Placed on imported goods Good for North Did not help South – When manufactured goods’ prices went up, southerners blamed it on tariffs and the North

North and South States’ Rights – John C. Calhoun (S. Carolina) Vice Pres Believed Constitution did not allow federal gov’t to create tariffs Argued for states’ rights to veto tariffs – States, not federal gov’t, should make final decisions about matters that affect them Southern states agreed with him – Created sectionalism dividing up the nation into parts caring more about their section than the entire nation

North and South Review: Why did Southerners dislike tariffs?

Worlds Apart Why It Matters…. The North and South were headed toward war. It began with arguments about slavery and the power of the national and state governments.