Henry Continued A There is a low number of people of colour working in print media and news organizations. There is a low number of people of colour working in print media and news organizations. People of colour is the term used…this was an older article. People of colour is the term used…this was an older article. Out 1731 people working in a newsroom, only 30 people were of colour, female or had a disability. Out 1731 people working in a newsroom, only 30 people were of colour, female or had a disability. Mirror mirror on the wall, tell me if I exist at all. Mirror mirror on the wall, tell me if I exist at all. –The media should reflect society, but it does not. It represents a narrative that sustains social and racial hierarchies.

MisrepresentationsA Different races and minorities are treated differently in the media Different races and minorities are treated differently in the media Misrepresentation, invisibility, and marginalization of people of colour by the media communicates the message that they are not full participants in Canadian society Misrepresentation, invisibility, and marginalization of people of colour by the media communicates the message that they are not full participants in Canadian society –Arabs are often portrayed as angry terrorists who are cruel, ignorant and backwards –Asians as foreign but model minority –Blacks as always wanting a handout and or violent

Henry Continued AgainA Elite Racism Elite Racism White Ideology White Ideology Racist discourse Racist discourse –When people of colour speak up about the representations of racial images in the media, the elites see these people see them as repressing their freedom of expression. The power of representation lies in the hands of the creators, and the media remains a white institution. The power of representation lies in the hands of the creators, and the media remains a white institution.

Summary and Some Implications A Mass media reproduces racism while maintaining an image of being neutral, objective and unbiased of the truth. Mass media reproduces racism while maintaining an image of being neutral, objective and unbiased of the truth. Since the 19 th century, we have regulating media agencies that create new guidelines. Since the 19 th century, we have regulating media agencies that create new guidelines. –The lobbying efforts of community groups have lobbied to create cultural diversity; however, racism is embedded in the media and reinforces white ideology. –Inferential racism.

Y. JiwaniM Mediations of Domination: Gendered Violence Within and Across Borders The media mediates violence in Canada. The media mediates violence in Canada. Culturalizing violence through the media by portraying certain groups as victims and others as invisible. Culturalizing violence through the media by portraying certain groups as victims and others as invisible. Homicides of women are related to husband/bf assaults, sexual assaults half the time, but this is never addresses in the media. Homicides of women are related to husband/bf assaults, sexual assaults half the time, but this is never addresses in the media. –In particular women. I.e.. Muslim women after 9/11 (Good because they are oppressed) I.e.. Muslim women after 9/11 (Good because they are oppressed) –Especially valorized in abroad in Afghanistan. –Our media used this valorization to justify the war. I.e.. Missing Aboriginal women of Canada (Bad-prostitutes, drugs) I.e.. Missing Aboriginal women of Canada (Bad-prostitutes, drugs)  Women are framed to Good vs. Bad

Jiwani Continued. Looking at Canada? Looking at Canada? We tend to think of violence in Canada as non-existent because we have been known to be “Peacekeepers,” or the “friendly opposites” of the U.S. We tend to think of violence in Canada as non-existent because we have been known to be “Peacekeepers,” or the “friendly opposites” of the U.S. It starts from the imagery of culture provided in our media. It starts from the imagery of culture provided in our media. Missing Aboriginals in Canada Why are Aboriginal women ignored as victims? 1) Sign of Aboriginality 2) Sex work 3) Association with Eastside – poverty, drugs, crime Missing Aboriginals in Canada Why are Aboriginal women ignored as victims? 1) Sign of Aboriginality 2) Sex work 3) Association with Eastside – poverty, drugs, crime The media frames gender, and racializes violence against women of color. The media frames gender, and racializes violence against women of color.

Jiwani Globalization of Generalised Images Globalization of Generalised Images –Image and culture changes to fit prevailing assumptions –Image and culture changes to fit prevailing assumptions –Media frames race and gender through a historical, contextual lens. Islam has taken the place of Orientalism in our culture as the Other. Islam has taken the place of Orientalism in our culture as the Other. –Explanation for a variety of ills –Subordination of women to the emerging terrorist threat with the homeland New media can present different perspectives; however, new media is not accessible to all people. New media can present different perspectives; however, new media is not accessible to all people. –Audience fragmentation

Jiwani Summary and Implications Images of race and gender, including specific references to minorities and women, reinforce and reproduce existing stereotypes in the mainstream media. Images of race and gender, including specific references to minorities and women, reinforce and reproduce existing stereotypes in the mainstream media. Even within the context of two minority groups of women, there are “good” women who are worthy of attention and help – and there are “bad” women who are made invisible, and ignored. Even within the context of two minority groups of women, there are “good” women who are worthy of attention and help – and there are “bad” women who are made invisible, and ignored. –The missing Aboriginal women in Canada are viewed on as a micro- level issue. –They choose to put themselves at risk. The government’s role in their lives and its involvement in their social and physical conditions, are not questioned or challenged. The government’s role in their lives and its involvement in their social and physical conditions, are not questioned or challenged. Evidently, these women have generalised images, Evidently, these women have generalised images, –We are only able to recognize them in their stereotypical associations –When they are outside of that image, we think of them as exceptions.

M Popular Culture and Stereotypes Popular culture has framed the characters to represent the stereotypes of races. Popular culture has framed the characters to represent the stereotypes of races. Breakfast at Tiffany’s Example Breakfast at Tiffany’s Example – Classified X Pt.3 7:15 Classified X Pt.3 7: Bell Hooks: Cultural Criticism Spike Lee Bell Hooks: Cultural Criticism Spike Lee –

Overarching Themes M Naturalization Naturalization –Rightness of Whiteness: Hidden Norm White ideology White ideology Systematic racism Systematic racism Misrepresentation Misrepresentation –Classical writers’ doctrines had produced racial theory of “justification of slavery” or arguments over “colonial exploitation”…pg. 13, Said. –News print projects stories of the model minority to sustain stereotypes of racial groups Ideological and Systematic racism Ideological and Systematic racism

LensP The media shapes and constructs race through applying an ideological lens that naturalizes a social hierarchy of social, economic and cultural inequalities. The media shapes and constructs race through applying an ideological lens that naturalizes a social hierarchy of social, economic and cultural inequalities. It is a framework on how we understand the unfamiliar and the strange. It is a framework on how we understand the unfamiliar and the strange. –Orientalism-lens that makes people look different and threatening.

Some further Implications: A There becomes a discrepancies between representations and groups of people and culture. There becomes a discrepancies between representations and groups of people and culture. The media constructs an image outside of history, that contradicts history. The media constructs an image outside of history, that contradicts history. It becomes a constructed narrative of race that protects systematic racism and inequalities. It becomes a constructed narrative of race that protects systematic racism and inequalities. Classified X by Marten Van Peebles Classified X by Marten Van Peebles

Activity!!!!!!!!!! Please get into groups of 3 or 4! Please get into groups of 3 or 4! –What are your initial reactions to this video? –What do you feel this video represents? –Can you list some examples of the ways discrimination was played out? –How were the characters portrayed? What do their attitudes imply? –Why are certain media (comedies, programs, movies) considered humorous while others are seen as offensive?

Some Discussion Questions: Do you believe that the ways you’ve learned to talk about race has been shaped by the media? Do you believe that the ways you’ve learned to talk about race has been shaped by the media? –i.e. movies, the news and TV Can you identify current racial stereotypes that we have in our media that have naturalized racism? Can you identify current racial stereotypes that we have in our media that have naturalized racism? How do feel about talking about race in general with regards to racial terms? How do feel about talking about race in general with regards to racial terms? –I.e.. Coloured, Indians, East Indian, Black, White.

Back to the beginning… How Does Media Construct Race? How is race framed and constructed through social relations in media? How is race framed and constructed through social relations in media? Throughout media history, can you discuss the how racial representations have changed since the twenties to now? Throughout media history, can you discuss the how racial representations have changed since the twenties to now?

Obama Rama How did you think racial representations could change because of Obama’s presidency? How did you think racial representations could change because of Obama’s presidency? Obama Inauguration Obama Inauguration [ PART 1] [ PART 1] [ PART 2] [ PART 2] Linda Walker Linda Walker