 How does population affect our society?  Overpopulation, pollution, Business types of transportation, number of schools  What factors influence a country’s population growth rate?  Births, deaths, and people migrating to and from the country affect a country’s population growth rate.

Measures the number of people living in an area

 Where do most of the worlds population live? (look at map on pg 87)  Why do you think there is this population pattern?

 Family  Education  Religion  Government  Economy

 Takes care of children  Provides emotional and physical support  Teach the accepted norms, behaviors  Teaches culture

 Societies rely on education to pass knowledge  Schools teach norms, values

 Incredibly diverse  Helps explain the meaning of life and death and the difference between good and bad  Passed down and supported by traditional practice, literature and sacred text

 In order to resolve conflict  A system of leaders and laws that help people live safely together in their community

 System of using resources to meet needs  Must be able to make buy sell and trade goods and services to get what they want and need

 How does science and technology shape and control their environments  What are the impacts of technology?

 The process in which countries are increasingly linked to each other through culture and trade  Not only links world’s people but also connects businesses and affects trade  Globalization links the world’s countries together through culture and trade.  The world community works together to solve global conflicts and crises

 How has the expansion of global trade affected our world?  Fast, easy global connection have made cultural exchange, trade, and a cooperative world community possible.

 World Community encourages cooperation.  Why do you think they do so?  To resolve global conflict

 51 countries  An organization of the world countries that promotes peace and security around the globe  Ex: coming together to provide humanitarian aid

GOVERNMENT 1.What is government? 2. What does a government do? 3. Why do people need government? 4. What types of government are there?

GOVERNMENT 1.What is government?

GOVERNMENT 1.What is government? Government is an organization people set up to protect the community and make rules

 What is government and what role does it play in our lives? Why do we need government?  In its simplest form, a government determines the way in which a country, state, county, township, city, or village is run.  At every level, government makes laws that citizens must obey and creates policies about everything connected with the daily life of a community—whether that community is a nation, a state or the town where you live.

 Government establish order and ensure justice  Make laws  Regulate business and trade  Provide aid to people  Shape culture and economy of a country as well as the daily lives of the people

GOVERNMENT 2. What does a government do?

GOVERNMENT 2. What does a government do?  Protects the community  Makes laws  Keeps order

GOVERNMENT 3. Why do people need government?

GOVERNMENT 3. Why do people need government?  For protection of people and property  Making rules  Enforcing laws

GOVERNMENT 4. What types of government are there?

 Dictatorship  Absolute Monarchy  Constitutional Monarchy  Direct Democracy  Republic/Representative Democracy  Theocracy  Totalitarian  Democracy

 Imagine what life would be like without governmental systems

 Limited government = the power of government leader is limited by the constitution. Everyone, including all authority figures, must obey the laws. Individual rights of the citizen are protected by the constitution. To gain power is not the main goal in a limited government.

 Unlimited government: government’s power has no limits. Usually no constitution or laws limiting the governments power  Control is placed solely with the ruler and his/her appointees. No limits imposed on his /her authority.  These governments have total control over their citizens.

Limited GovernmentUnlimited Government Power Restricted by the people Bill of Rights- Constitution-Statement of a country’s basic laws and values Parliamen t-a national law making body(Canada & England) Constitutional Monarchy- Government ruled by king or queen, power is determined by the nation’s constitutions and laws Republic -Government in which power belongs to the citizens, who govern themselves through elected representation No limits on power Totalitarian - centralized government that does NOT tolerate parties of differing opinion, dictatorial control over many aspects of life, exercises control over freedom-North Korea Communist - system structured upon common ownership of the means of production and characterized by the absence of social classes, money, and the state-Germany, Soviet Union Dictatorship - form of government where political authority is monopolized by a single person or political entity, and exercised through various oppressive mechanisms- Kim Jong Il, North Korea Absolutism - form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator Absolute Monarchy- a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution-France King Louis XIV (reigned )

 A country ruled by a single leader. The leader has not been elected and may use force to keep control.  In a military dictatorship, the army is in control. EX: Cuba

 Government ruled by a King or Queen  Powers are determined by the Nation’s Constitution and law  This is a limited government  EX: England

 Rule by a King or Queen  They have absolute power  Are not restrained by a constitution or laws  Example of unlimited power  EX: Qatar and Saudi Arabia

 Government by the people  People vote directly on every issue  Only practical in a small community  Citizens are the ultimate source of government authority  Citizens come together to discuss and pass laws and select leaders  EX: Ancient Athens

 Government by the people; citizens are the ultimate source of government authority  Indirect form of democracy  Citizens elect representatives to make government decisions on their behalf  Representatives elected for set terms  People are represented by elected officials  Used in large countries  Also known as a Republic government  EX: Ancient Rome United States of America

 In a democracy, the government is elected by the people.  Everyone who is eligible to vote has a chance to have their say over who runs the country.  It is distinct from governments controlled by a particular social class or group  A democracy is determined either directly or through elected representatives.

Communist  system of government in which the state plans and controls the economy  a single, often authoritarian party holds power, claiming to make progress toward a higher social order in which all goods are equally shared by the people.  Ex: CHINA, CUBA

 Government officials regarded to have religious authority  Laws rooted in a particular religion or religious doctrine  Government power is unlimited  Governmental rulers are identical with the leaders of the dominant religion  Governmental policies are either identical with or strongly influenced by the principals of the majority religion.  Government claims to rule on behalf of God or a higher power  EX: Iran

 Dictator holds ultimate authority  Government tightly controls all aspects of life-political, social, and economic  No formal or informal limits on government  EX: North Korea

DICTATORSHIP One person has all of the power; also called Monarchy, Tyranny, or Totalitarianism OLIGARCHY A few people have all the power; also known as Aristocracy or (sometimes) Communism DEMOCRACY Everyone may participate in government; also called Representative Democracy or Republic Unlimited Government—ruler can do anything! Leaders are “ born ” in to power (monarchy) or gain power by force (military dictatorship) Citizens may unite in their loyalty to their ruler and decisions can be made quickly No individual freedoms given, needs of the citizens not considered, ruler may make poor choices Unlimited Government—rulers can do anything! Decisions are made by only a few people—usually the rich and influential Decisions can be made quickly and good leadership may prevail, as long as no one person takes over No individual freedoms are given, the needs of the people are not considered, and rulers may make poor choices Rulers may be called: Aristocrats, Oligarchs Limited Government—people who make laws also follow the laws! Time consuming, since everyone gives input Everyone is involved and has equal power, there is a lot of loyalty and support, individual freedoms are given People elect representatives to make decisions for them Rulers are called: King, Queen, Tsar, Czar, Emperor, Tyrant, Dictator Representatives are called: Senators, Representatives, Presidents, Prime Ministers Anarchy: no government; very dangerous Can be found in: Saudi Arabia, the UK, Cuba Can be found in: China, RussiaCan be found in: the USA, India, Mexico

1. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: The pharaoh was an absolute ruler. He commanded the army and controlled irrigation and grain supplies. People in this society considered the pharaoh to be a god. Monarchy

 In the first century AD, the Greeks recognized three types of government: monarchy, aristocracy, and anarchy. The Jews at the time did not fit into any of these categories as they believed only God and his laws were sovereign. Theocracy

3. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: In 450 B.C. this civilization assembled and all citizens voted on laws. A council of 500 prepared business for the assembly. Direct Democracy

4. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: The Nazi Party took over every aspect of this country’s social, economic & political life. Hitler quickly secured his power by burning down a legislative building and used the incident to obtain emergency powers, becoming an absolute ruler. Dictatorship

5. NAME THAT GOVERNMENT: In this country some people are elected to make laws and some people are appointed officials. Representative Democracy

 Rights- things we must do  EX: Voting  Responsibilities- tasks we should do as citizens but are not required by law  EX: helping your community

 Traditional › Work that people do is based on long established customs  Hunt, fish, tend animals and crops  Command › The government controls the economy › Decides what goods and services to produce › Decides how much to produces and how goods and services are distributed › Sets wages and prices  Market › Based on private ownership, free trade and competition › Individuals and business are free to buy and sell what they wish with little interference from the government › Prices are determined by supply and demand

› Communism › Socialist › Free Enterprise

 What type of economy is the United States?  Mixed Economy(command and market)

 Agriculture › Businesses that focus on growing crops and raising livestock  Manufacturing › Businesses that make finished products from raw goods  Service › Business that provides services instead of goods  Tertiary › Wholesale  Business that sell to business › Retail  Business that sell directly to final costumers

 Developed › Higher GDP › High Life expectancy › Higher quality of life › Advanced healthcare › Productive economy › High levels of education  Developing › Lower quality of life › Less productive economy › Lower life expectancy › Lower GDP › Less access to health care and technology