Chapter 5 ID 234 Building Codes Fire Resistant Materials and Assemblies

Fire / Smoke Protection Systems Passive systems: prevent fires Passive systems: prevent fires Fire and smoke barriers Fire and smoke barriers Finishes and furniture Finishes and furniture Active systems: once a fire has started Active systems: once a fire has started Detection Detection Extinguishing / Suppression Extinguishing / Suppression Emergency lighting Emergency lighting Exiting systems: architectural elements Exiting systems: architectural elements Means of egress Means of egress

Compartmentation  “Compartmentation”  Passive fire protection means  The separation of areas in a building to control fire and smoke  Use Wall, Floor, and Ceiling Assemblies  “Fire resistance” (of assemblies) vs. “fire protection” (of penetrations in those assemblies)  “Fire barriers” (for compartmentation) vs. “fire and smoke partitions” (not specific to egress; residential, tenant spaces)

Fire Barriers and Fire Partitions

All use standard materials All use standard materials Sometimes in standard configurations Sometimes in standard configurations Fire Barriers and Fire Partitions

Fire Separation walls

Fire Barriers

Use Fire Barriers for Sep. of Occupancy

Fire Barriers

Fire Rated Materials and Assemblies Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Underwriters Laboratories (UL) Fire resistance Directory Volume 1 & 2 Fire resistance Directory Volume 1 & 2 Gypsum Association (GA) Gypsum Association (GA) Fire Resistance Design Manual Fire Resistance Design Manual Factory Mutual (FM) Factory Mutual (FM) Specification Tested Products Guide Specification Tested Products Guide

UL Assemblies UL Assemblies

For doors and windows For doors and windows For mechanical, structural, HVAC penetrations For mechanical, structural, HVAC penetrations Openings

Opening Protection Rated Door Assemblies Rated Door Assemblies Door and Frame Door and Frame Door Hardware Door Hardware Fire Window Assemblies Fire Window Assemblies Rated Glazing and Frames Rated Glazing and Frames Specially Tempered Glass Specially Tempered Glass Wire Glass Wire Glass Glass Block Glass Block Clear Ceramics Clear Ceramics Insulated and Multilayered Glass Insulated and Multilayered Glass Transparent Wall Units Transparent Wall Units Frames Frames

Opening Protectives

Fire Resistant Materials and Assemblies

Key Terms

Chapter 6 ID 234 Building Codes Fire Suppression

compartmentation compartmentation construction assemblies construction assemblies Passive System

Spacing minimums and maximums Spacing minimums and maximums Coverage of sprinkler head Coverage of sprinkler head Active System: Sprinklers Sprinklers

Three parts to system Detect Detect Warn Warn Suppress Suppress

Requirements vary by Use Group Required with conditions listed Required with conditions listed 903.2: Sprinklers 903.2: Sprinklers References NFPA 13 References NFPA : Fire Extinguishers 906.2: Fire Extinguishers References NFPA 10 References NFPA : Detection systems 907.2: Detection systems References NFPA 72 References NFPA 72 Manual vs. Automatic Manual vs. Automatic

Automatic, manual, or both Automatic, manual, or both Plumbing engineer Plumbing engineer Requirements based on Use of building and Construction Type Requirements based on Use of building and Construction Type

Detection “initiating devices” “initiating devices” CO CO Smoke Smoke Heat Heat Manual fire alarms Manual fire alarms

Alarm systems Visual Visual Audio Audio within 5’ of exit within 5’ of exit Emergency Voice/Alarm Comm. Emergency Voice/Alarm Comm. EVACS EVACS Speakers, etc. Speakers, etc. Mass notification systems Mass notification systems We’ve got one! We’ve got one!

Extinguishing systems Fire extinguishers Fire extinguishers within 30’ of cooking equipment within 30’ of cooking equipment open flames, computer rooms, etc open flames, computer rooms, etc Maximum travel distance: 75’ Maximum travel distance: 75’ Standpipes and hoses Standpipes and hoses wet or dry wet or dry automatic or manual automatic or manual

Sprinkler systems Wet Wet Dry Dry Deluge Deluge Preaction Preaction

Sprinkler head types upright, sidewall, pendant, recessed, concealed, sidewall concealed

Sprinkling

Aesthetic choices

7’5’ maximum from side walls 7’5’ maximum from side walls 15’ OC maximum 15’ OC maximum Spacing Rule of Thumb

Water distribution

Standpipes

Alarms: NFPA 72 indicates where needed

Other rules of thumb

Smoke detectors Hard wired Hard wired At least 1 in all occupied spaces At least 1 in all occupied spaces Every 30’/900sf Every 30’/900sf Inside ductwork Inside ductwork

Manual fire alarms Within 5’ of all exits Within 5’ of all exits Specific height Specific height Must not project into space more than 4” Must not project into space more than 4”

Visible/audible alarm signals Within 5’ of all exits Within 5’ of all exits Along path of travel Along path of travel

Fire extinguishers Within 30’ of cooking equipment Within 30’ of cooking equipment Buildings under construction Buildings under construction Open flames Open flames Labs, computer rooms, generator rooms Labs, computer rooms, generator rooms

Standpipes and fire hoses Vary by occupancy Vary by occupancy Typically in the stairs Typically in the stairs

Life Safety Diagram

Key: Exit sign Length of travel Fire extinguisher Strobe light Pull station Smoke detector Fire extinguisher Exit separation

Life Safety Diagram Key: Exit sign Length of travel Fire extinguisher Strobe light Pull station Smoke detector Fire extinguisher Exit separation

Use this plan for your work:

What to draw? Exits Exits Exit signs and directional arrows Exit signs and directional arrows Separation of exits (use graphic scale) Separation of exits (use graphic scale) Maximum length of travel Maximum length of travel Sprinkler heads Sprinkler heads Smoke detectors Smoke detectors Fire extinguishers Fire extinguishers Fire alarm pull stations Fire alarm pull stations Visual/audible alarms (strobes) Visual/audible alarms (strobes)