Millennium Development Goals Bhutan & Bangladesh Alicia Madsen & Diana Garcia Determine which country is closer to achieving its developmental goal (*=success)

Goal #1 Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty -Build up the economy and provide relief

Eradicate Extreme Hunger and Poverty *Bhutan*  Bhutan has experienced significant declines in poverty.  Bhutan was able to reduce poverty from 36.3% in 2000 to 12.0% in  An estimated 12% of the population is found to be poor.  Poverty is linked to Bhutan’s low food production and weak agricultural systems.  Bhutan is well to achieving their extreme poverty and hunger goal by Bangladesh  Poor water quality  Investing in nutrition to improve child and maternal health  Government has adopted its Vision 2021 and associated Perspective Plan , goal of graduation from LDC to middle-income status  47 million people are still below the poverty line  Increased per-capita income by more than 130 percent (reducing poverty rate by 60 percent)  Rice production has more than tripled  On track and likely to meet their goal of eradicating extreme hunger  Poverty (Population living on less than 1 US$ per day): 36% ( )

Goal #2 Achieve Universal Primary Education -Provide better education for the youth

Achieve Universal Primary Education *Bhutan*  The Gross Primary Enrollment Ratio for Bhutan has increased from 55% in 1990 to 118% in 2012 (showing an average growth of 4.0% per year)  1% of 6-12 year old children are studying abroad and around 2% of the 6-12 year olds are enrolled in monastic institutions  The Royal Government is confident the target of 100% NPER will be achieved before Bangladesh  Secondary and tertiary education is limited & quality of education requires further strengthening.  Gender parity has been achieved at several levels and girls are outnumbering boys even at tertiary level.  Budgetary, on education nearly doubled from 8.16 percent to 15.51percent between 1980 and 2000  Total Youth Literacy Rate (15–24 years) 64% ( )  Despite efforts by the Government to promote education levels of illiteracy are still very high  60 million Bangladeshis are illiterate

Goal #3 Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women -Equal rights and allowing all genders to have a say in the government

Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women *Bhutan*  Girls’ enrollment in school is about 50%, at primary and secondary education level in  Girl’s enrollment in the Secondary education has increased from 45% in 2002 to 53.5% in 2012  They are on their way to meeting their goal; slowly but surely Bangladesh  60 percent of women reported experiencing domestic and occupational violence in 2011  Women’s labor force participation rates vs men at 36 percent versus 82.5 percent  4 Targets  1: Eliminate violence against women and girls  2: Promote the human rights of adolescent girls  3: Women and men benefit equally from the economy  4: Women have an equal say in decisions that affect their lives

Goal #4 Reduce Child Mortality -Increase the life expectancy of young children

Reduce Child Mortality Bhutan  Between 1990 and 2012, mortality of under-five children has been reduced by half.  Three quarters of the target has been achieved by Bhutan. *Bangladesh*  Life expectancy at birth increased 67.2 years in 2009, maternal and infant mortality rates have fallen markedly.  Goal: reducing adolescent girls’ childbearing  Infant mortality rates have fallen markedly  Achieved; reduce the under-5 mortality rate by two-thirds.  Remarkable progress has been made: child mortality

Goal #5 Improve Maternal Health -Reducing maternal mortality and improving adolescent health

Improve Maternal Health *Bhutan*  Bhutan has reduced maternal mortality rates between 1990 and 2012 from 560 in 1990 to 155 in 2012 (nearly ¾!)  Significant progress of ensuring that health personnel attend all births has been made from just 19% in 1990 to 69% in 2012  Bhutan is well on track to achieve their goal to below 140 per 100,000 live births by Bangladesh  Investing in nutrition to improve child and maternal health  Reducing adolescent girls’ childbearing; reduce overall maternal mortality  Bangladesh Maternal Mortality Survey 2010 shows only 26.5 percent of births attended by skilled health personnel

Goal #6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases -Fight disease and provide cures

Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and Other Diseases *Bhutan*  In 2012, a total of 297 cases had been detected  It is estimated that more than 500 people could be infected but are not yet detected  Total number of cases: <.01%  About 88% of all HIV/AIDS cases detected so far fall into the age group between the ages of 20 to 49.  Only 194 cases of malaria were detected in 2012  1993: 63 deaths  2007: 2 deaths Bangladesh  HIV infection rates are higher among migrant workers than the general population  Number of new infections is still increasing  Bangladesh has succeeded in keeping HIV prevalence at a very low level of around 0.01%

Goal #7 Ensure Environmental Sustainability -Protect the environment and improve resources

Ensure Environmental Sustainability *Bhutan*  The country continues to maintain a healthy forest cover of 81% of the total land area with 28% maintained as protected areas.  Bhutan in 4th place among the Asian countries in its environmental performance  Bhutan has met their Environmental Sustainability goal Bangladesh  Focused on conservation of natural resources  Socioeconomic environment; enhanced protection from climate change and natural disasters  Transitioning to low-carbon energy sources while promoting energy-efficient technologies  Being more cautious of who they trade with to ensure quality of resources  Goal: fully off track and unlikely to be met

Goal #8 Develop a Global Partnership for Development -Reaching out to other nations; assistance, trade, and expansion

Develop a Global Partnership for Development Bhutan  Youth unemployment rate has increased from 2.6% in 1998 to 7.3% in 2012  Telephone lines has increased from 4052 in 1990 to in 2007  Cellphone services introduced in November 2003 also witnessed a major growth in the number of users (5,000 at the end of 2003 to 19,000 by the end of 2004)  MDG Acceleration Framework (MDGAF) has been put in place in Bhutan to deal with this issue.  Improvement has been decreasing and it is unlikely that Bhutan will meet its goal. *Bangladesh*  Out of 34 member states of the Organization for Economic Co- operation and Development (OECD), only nine countries provided US$ million ODA to Bangladesh in  Strong and reliable telecommunication infrastructure  Cellular subscribers per 100 population are 64.6% in 2012 which was zero in 1990  Internet users per 100 population is 20.5% in 2012, which was 0.15, 0.20 and 3.4 in 2005, 2006 and 2008

Sources  mdgoverview/overview/mdg3/ mdgoverview/overview/mdg3/  cc8a6cac68a261a6dce66edc3c091f44b7?vid= &disposition=attachment&op=download  gladesh/overview gladesh/overview  mme=33  gladesh/overview gladesh/overview  ome/mdgoverview/overview/mdg8/ ome/mdgoverview/overview/mdg8/