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The Exxon Valdez Oil Spill - Exercise Critical Thinking or Not?  The controller controlling then wasn’t a certified pilot  The pilot and all the crew were sleeping while accident took place  The captain wasn’t found on the deck, he was sleeping below too.  The Exxon failed to up-to-date and maintain equipment  The umber of crew members was less to handle the large ship. 2

What critical thinking could have done…  Safety and wellbeing of all person involved.  Environmental safety and its wellbeing.  Financial involvement like cost of Exxon, cost for cleaning up, and the cost for recovering damages. 3

What is meant by Free Will?  Being able to chose one best alternatives from several possibilities  Choices are guided by our thoughts, motives, and beliefs  Option to think  Choosing freely 4

Truth Explained  Ability of being in accordance with the reality or fact  Any idea or judgment that is accepted as true or is true 5

Knowledge?  A collective set of Information, Facts, and Experience  Plato defined it as “Justified True Belief”  Knowledge helps us making rational decisions in critical thinking 6

Opinion - Definition  Any judgment or belief that spurs from ground that is not sufficient enough to be certain  Can turn to fact when backed up by logics or evidence  Personal belief 7

Obstacles in Thinking Critically  Stereotyping  Resistance to Change  Face Saving 8

How to Overcome Hindrances?  First examine what is the impression regarding problems & issues  Review all the Information before coming to a conclusion or decision  Put aside any negative impressions  Use you logics  Being honest with oneself 9

My Personal Hindrance and Ways For Overcoming It  Face Saving  First examining the impressions  Being Honest With Myself 10

So, What Was the Message? My Perception of the Message The Reality of the Message  As distorted it may look like from a distance, hard to read that it is TWO advertisements on the same board, one can easily imagine what I would have perceived.  The advertisements from two different stores put together on a same board form distorted message to an observer.  They are separate advertisements having nothing to do with each other. 11

Conclusion  Use creative and critical Thinking for better outcomes or results  Our thoughts are guided by the truth, our knowledge, our free will and our opinions  Our perceptions is sometimes far from the reality  Overcoming hindrances is something we should be working on for our improvement and betterment 12

References  All images provided by Google.com (2011)  Ruggiero, V. R. (2009). The art of thinking: A guide to critical and creative thought (9th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson Longman.  Sitter, D (2005) Perception is real, Reality is not. Retrieved from 13