Animal Cell Structure & Organelle Function

 Understand that the cell is the basic unit of life.  Learn that all living things are made up of cells.  Identify the structures of animal cells and the organelles inside them.  Understand what the purpose of the cell structures and organelles are.

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Cells Tissue Organs Organ System Organisms

 Nucleus Nucleus  Ribosomes Ribosomes  Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex Golgi apparatus or Golgi complex  Plasma membrane Plasma membrane  Mitochondrion Mitochondrion  Cytoskeleton Cytoskeleton  MicrofilamentMicrofilament  Intermediate filamentIntermediate filament  MicrotubuleMicrotubule  Peroxisome Peroxisome  Centriole Centriole  Lysosome Lysosome  Rough endoplasmic reticulum Rough endoplasmic reticulum  Smooth endoplasmic reticulum Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

 The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell.  The nucleus controls many of the functions of the cell (by controlling protein synthesis).  The nucleus is a spherical body located centrally in the cell. It is surrounded by a nuclear membrane and contains the nucleolus, which makes ribosomes.ribosomes  It contains DNA assembled into chromosomes.

 Ribosomes can be thought of as construction workers, they build proteins to be used as enzymes or as support for other cell functions.  Ribosomes make proteins through a process called protein synthesis.  They can be found floating in the cytoplasm and on the rough endoplasmic reticulum.rough endoplasmic reticulum

 The Golgi apparatus is a flattened, layered, sac-like organelle that looks like a stack of pancakes.  The Golgi body modifies & packages proteins and carbohydrates into membrane-bound vesicles.  The vesicles are either stored for later use or sent out of the cell.  It also builds lysosomes.lysosomes

 The plasma membrane is like a plastic bag that holds all of the cell pieces and fluids inside.  All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane.  The cell membrane is semi-permeable, it allows some substances to pass into the cell and blocks others.  It is composed of a double layer of phospholipids and embedded proteins.

 Mitochondria is the plural form for mitochondrion.  Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They act like a digestive system that takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy for the cell.  Mitochondria are spherical to rod- shaped organelles with a double membrane. The inner membrane is infolded many times, forming a series of projections called cristae.

 The cytoskeleton provides structure for the cell.  The cytoskeleton is composed of microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

 They are small vesicles found around the cell.  They have a single membrane that contains digestive enzymes for breaking down toxic materials in the cell.  Peroxisomes hold on to enzymes that require oxygen & absorb nutrients that the cell has acquired.

 There are two centrioles present in animal cells, they assist the cell when it is time to divide.  Centrioles are made up of microtubules.

 Lysosomes are spherical organelles that hold the enzymes created by the cell.  They are basically specialized vesicles that hold a variety of enzymes.  Their purpose is to digest things – such as food or the cell itself when it dies.

 The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) functions as a packaging system.  It is a vast system of interconnected, membranous, infolded and twisted sacks that are located in the cell's cytoplasm.  The rough ER is covered with ribosomes that give it a rough appearance.ribosomes

 The smooth endoplasmic reticulum acts as a storage organelle, it is important in the creation and storage of steroids.  It is made of the same types of membranes as the rough ER, but the smooth ER looks more like tubes rough ER  The smooth ER controls the level of calcium in muscles and detoxifies poisons, alcohol, and drugs. It also makes proteins and lipids that will be exported by the cell.

Which type of the endoplasmic reticulum is covered in ribosomes?

What organelle is known as the cell’s powerhouse?

What organelle has the purpose of digestion?

Which organelle is responsible to build lysosomes?

   online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP online.com/Objects/ViewObject.aspx?ID=AP11403  

Rader, A. (n.d.). Biology4kids.com. Retrieved from Cell structure & function. (n.d.). Retrieved from