Ontologies Reasoning Components Agents Simulations Architectural Modeling with UML2 Composite Structures and Components Jacques Robin

Outline  UML2 Structured Classifiers  Key Concepts  Concrete Visual Syntax and Examples  Meta-Model  Link between Meta-Model and Visual Syntax  UML2 Encapsulated Classifiers  Key Concepts  Concrete Visual Syntax and Examples  Meta-Model  Link between Meta-Model and Visual Syntax  UML2 Components  Key Concepts  Concrete Visual Syntax and Examples  Meta-Model  Link between Meta-Model and Visual Syntax

UML2 Structured Classifiers  New to UML2  A UML2 structured classifier C can have special properties called parts that can be connected within the containing context of C to realize one of its behaviors  The part-whole relationship between a part and its containing structured classifier is distinct but derived from the composition relationship between a class and its composite containing class  Whereas a composition property of a kernel classes represents a context- independent relationship from the kernel “whole” class to the “part” class,  the part property of a structured classifier represents a context-dependent relationship from a structured “whole” class to the “part” class  Similarly, the connection relationship between two parts of a containing structured classifier is distinct but derived from the association relationship between two classes  Whereas an association represents a context-independent relationships between two classes,  the connection between two classes that are parts of a containing structured classifier is valid only within the context of this container

Name Attributes Operations NestedClassifiers Parts UML2 Structured Classifier Compartments Nested Classes, Components, Interfaces & Associations linking their attributes, Realizations, Usages & Generalizations Encapsulated within containing Kernel::Class Classes, Components, Interfaces & Connectors linking them as parts or elements connected to parts in context of containing CompositeStructures::Class

Composed Class x Structured Class Composition: context independent whole-part relationship Association: context independent relationship StructuredClass/Part: context-dependent whole-part relationship Connector: relationship dependent of containing StructuredClass StructuredClass/ ClassConnectedToPart: relationship dependent of containing StructuredClass Parts Compartment

* Structured Class: Meta-Model Structured Classifier Classifier ConnectableElement TypedElement Structural Feature Property Connector 0..1 ownedAttribute * 0..1 /part * 0..1 ownedConnector * ConnectorEnd role /definingEnd Association type 0..1 attribute * 0..1 partWithPort redfinedConnector * 2..* * Type Kernel::Class 0..1 type /role MultiplicityElementFeature Encapsulated Classifier EncapsulatedClassifiers:: Class

Class x Composite Structure Diagrams: Link to Meta-Model CS::Class.name CS::ClassCS::Class.part = Property CS::Class.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd.role = Property CS::Class.role.upper = CS::Class.role.lower = Integer CS::Class.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd = ConnectorEnd CS::Class.ownedConnector = Connector CS::Class.ownedConnector.name CS::Class.ownedConnector.type.name CS::Class.role = Property CS::Class.part.type = K::Class K::Class K::Class.ownedAttribute.isComposite = true K::Class.ownedAttribute.association = Association K::Class.ownedAttribute.association.name K::Class.ownedAttribute.upper = K::Class.ownedAttribute.lower K::Class.name K::Class.ownedAttribute.name

Composite Structure Diagram: Classes

Composite Structure Diagram: Objects InstanceSpecification PackageableElementElement Slot ValueSpecification Classifier StructuralFeature LiteralSpecification InstanceValue OpaqueExpression LiteralBoolean LiteralInteger LiteralString LiteralUnlimitedNaturalExpression 0..1 * * 0..* * 0..1 TypedElement Class

Composite Structure Diagram: Objects InstanceSpecification PackageableElementElement Slot ValueSpecification Classifier StructuralFeature LiteralSpecification InstanceValue OpaqueExpression LiteralBoolean LiteralInteger LiteralString LiteralUnlimitedNaturalExpression 0..1 * * 0..* * 0..1 TypedElement Class NamedElement InstanceSpecification.classifier.ownedConnector.name InstanceSpecification.classifier.name InstanceSpecification.classifier.parts.role.name InstanceSpecification.classifier.parts.name

UML2 Encapsulated Class  New to UML2  Specializes Structured Classifier  An instances of an encapsulated class (encapsulated object) interacts with its environment and its internal parts only through typed interaction points called ports  A port is an interaction point specification used by an encapsulated class to either:  Provide a service to its environment specified by a provided interface that types the port  Request a service from its environment specified by a requested interface that types the port  Ports provide a second level encapsulation indirection beyond the first one provided by interfaces:  Encapsulated parts are connected indirectly through their ports,  whereas simple parts are connected directly.

UML2 Ports  Ports allow run-time assembly of encapsulated classes into a containing class to compose a complex service from simpler ones  Instantiation of an encapsulated class with internal parts which are recursively encapsulated class is a complex process that involves:  Instantiating each nested encapsulated class  Instantiating each of their ports into an interaction point  Instantiating each of their associations into a connector between two such interaction points  In this internal assembly process, two ports can only be connected only if the provided interface of one is conformant to the requested interface of the other  This conformance can be:  Simple, merely in terms of matching interface types  More complex in terms of pre and post-condition constraints on each operation of the ports’ respective interfaces  Even more complex in terms of protocol state machines associated to either the ports or their interfaces  A protocol state machine describes a precise, constrained sequence of externally visible states through which the encapsulated class can go through  It specifies for each state in the sequence the restricted subset of operations that can be invoked by the encapsulated class’ environment through the provided port  It also specifies the next state resulting from the invocation of a given operation in a given state

Name Attributes Operations NestedClassifiers Parts UML2 Encapsulated Classifier Compartments Classes, Connectors linking them through their Ports as parts or elements connected to parts in context of containing CompositeStructures::Class Nested Classes, Generalizations, Ports, Associations linking their attributes, Encapsulated within containing Kernel::Class Ports

* Encapsulated Class: Meta-Model Structured Classifier Classifier ConnectableElement TypedElement Structural Feature Property Connector 0..1 ownedAttribute * 0..1 /part * 0..1 ownedConnector * ConnectorEnd role /definingEnd Association type 0..1 attribute * 0..1 partWithPort redfinedConnector * 2..* * Type Kernel::Class 0..1 type /role MultiplicityElementFeature Encapsulated Classifier EncapsulatedClassifiers:: Class Port ownedPort Interface * /required * * /provided * redfinedPort ProtocolStateMachine protocol * protocol 0..1 StateMachine ProtocolConformance 0..1 Relationship * * 0..1 conformance specificMachine generalMachine * *

Composite Structure Diagram with Encapsulated Classes: Link to Meta-Model CS::Class.ownedPort.type = CS::Class.ownedPort.providedInterface -> union(CS::class.ownedPort.requiredInterface) Class.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd.partWithPort Class.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd.partWithPort.name Class Class.ownedPort.providedInterface Class.ownedPort.requiredInterface Class.ownedPort.requiredInterface.name Class.ownedPort.providedInterface.name Class.ownedPort Class.ownedPort.name Class.part Class.ownedConnector Class.ownedConnector.name Class.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd Class.role Class.part.type = Class Class.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd.upper = Class.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd.lower Class.name

Composite Structure Diagram with Encapsulated Classes: More Examples  Part multiplicity can also appear in the top right corner of the part rectangle  The type of a port can also appear after its name and “:”  The multiplicity of a port can also appear after its name or type between “[ ]”  The service provided by an encapsulated class C by connecting to one of its port can be realized either:  By one (or several) part(s) of C  By C itself, in this case the port square is linked by a line to a state appearing inside C’s part compartment

UML2 Components  New to UML2 for all lifecycle stages except deployment  Specialize encapsulated classes  The behaviors that it provides to its environment are only accessible through its provided interface(s)  The behaviors that it expects its environment to provide to it are only accessible through its required interface(s)  Through these associated interfaces, a UML2 component defines an abstract behavioral type independent of its realization  The interfaces of a UML2 component can be either:  Directly associated to it, or  Indirectly associated to it through its ports.  The abstract behavior type specified by a UML2 component can be realized either:  Directly by the component itself;  Indirectly by the assembly of its internal parts;  Indirectly by a set of external classifiers.  A UML2 packageable component specializes a UML2 component by grouping all the artifacts involved in the component specification or realization into a package

UML2 Components  A UML2 component may:  Delegate part of the realization of a service that it provides to its environment to one of its internal parts;  Delegate a service request from one of its part to its environment.  Component connectors specialize encapsulated class connectors by:  Being associated to a behavior designed by contract  i.e., it guarantees to its environment that all post-conditions of all its provided operations will be satisfied whenever they are called in a way that satisfies all their pre-conditions;  i.e., its environment guarantees that all post-condition of all its requested operations will be satisfied whenever it calls these operations in a way that satisfies all their pre-conditions;  Sub-categorizing into:  Delegation connector between a containing component and its parts;  Assembly connector between two parts of an containing component

> Name Attributes Operations NestedClassifiers Parts UML2 Component Compartments Classes, Components, Interfaces & Connectors linking them through their Ports as parts or elements connected to parts in context of containing CompositeStructures::Class Nested Classes, Components, Ports, Interfaces & Associations linking their attributes, Realizations, Usages & Generalizations Encapsulated within containing Kernel::Class Ports

UML2 Component: Meta-Model Encapsulated Classifier EncapsulatedClassifiers:: Class Port ownedPort Interface * /required * * /provided * redfinedPort * * 0..1 Component /required /provided * * Structured Classifier CS::Connector 0..1 ownedConnector * Components::Connector kind:ConnectorKind > ConnectorKind assembly delegate 0..1 /ownedConnector * Behavior contract * * ComponentRealization Realization 0..1 * PackageableElement 0..1 * packagedElement

Component Diagram without Interface Operations: Link to Meta-Model Component Component.name Component.providedInterface Component.providedInterface.name Component.requiredInterface Component.requiredInterface.name

Component Diagram with Interface Operations: Link to Meta-Model Component Component.name Interface Realization Usage Component.providedInterfaceComponent.requiredInterface Component.requiredInterface.name Component.providedInterface.name Component.providedInterface.operation

Component Diagram Nested Classifiers Compartment: Link to Meta-Model Component Component.name NestedClassifiersCompartment Component. nestedClassifier. ownedAttribute. isComposite = true Component.nestedClassifier = Class Component.nestedClassifier = Association Component. nestedClassifier.name Component. nestedClassifier.name Component.nestedClassifier.ownedAttribute.upper = Component.nestedClassfier.ownedAttribute.lower Component. providedInterface Component. providedInterface. name Component. requiredInterface. name Component. requiredInterface Component. nestedClassifier. ownedAttribute. name

Component Diagram Parts Compartment: Link to Meta-Model Component. ownedPort Component. ownedPort PartsCompartment Component.ownedConnector Component.part.type = Component Component.part.type.name Component.ownedConnector.kind = #delegate Component. ownedConnector. kind = #assembly Component.ownedConnector.ConnectorEnd.type Component. ownedConnector. ConnectorEnd. type Component.name Component Component. providedInterface Component. providedInterface. name Component. requiredInterface Component. requiredInterface. name