Sentence Formulas

4 KINDS OF SENTENCES SIMPLE COMPOUND COMPLEX COMPOUND-COMPLEX

CLAUSE A clause is a group of words having a subject and a verb. There are different types of clauses. 1. Independent 2. Dependent

Independent Clause (A.K.A. Simple Sentence) a group of words that contains a subject and a verb, and expresses a complete thought (An independent clause is a simple sentence!) Tanner didn’t like the smell of the popcorn at the theater. Jozi’s mother read the book to her before bed. Stop!

Dependent Clause (A.K.A. Subordinate Clause) A group of words that contains a subject and a verb but DOES NOT express a complete thought Before the bell rang _____________. ________________ passing the ball to the second baseman ________ because the game was over. That there is a hole in the ozone layer of the earth’s atmosphere _________.

Dependent Clause Markers Some common dependent markers (called subordinate conjunctions) are: after, although, as, as if because, before, even if, even though if, in order to, since, though, unless until, whatever, when, whenever whether, while

You Try!!! Although _______________________. _______________because_________. Until__________________________.

Independent Clause Connectors Coordinating Conjunctions - connecting words at the beginning of an independent clause. When a coordinating conjunction begins the sentences in an independent clause, then a comma is needed!! Coordinating Conjunctions – FAN BOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, sot

Simple Sentence Called an independent clause Contains a subject and a verb Expresses a complete thought

SIMPLE SENTENCE EXAMPLES Some students like to study in the mornings. The boy plays soccer on Saturday afternoons. John and Lisa are going to the movies tonight.

YOU TRY!!! Simple sentence Simple sentence using the word “and” Simple sentence with prepositional phrase Simple sentence with understood subject

Compound Sentences Contains two independent clauses. Compound sentences are also joined together by a semi colon(;) or by adding a comma and a coordinating conjunction.

The Coordinating Conjunctions are: For But And Or Nor Yet So These conjunctions spell out Fan and Boys.

Compound Sentence Examples Mr. Jones is a very short man, but he walks with an air of authority. I have been to Mexico, and I don’t expect to return too soon. Jenna laughed and glanced at the others dancing; I just stood there wanting to dance.

Compound Sentence Formula I , CC I I ; I

When using the semicolon, REMEMBER It can take the place of the conjunction and comma, but both sentences must be closely related.

YOU TRY!!!! Examples: Mr. Jones is a very short man, but he walks with an air of authority. I have been to Mexico, and I don’t expect to return too soon. Jenna laughed and glanced at the others dancing; I just stood there wanting to dance.

You Try I , and I I , but I I ; I (Remember the independent clauses must be closely related to use a semicolon.)

Applied Practice Question #1 What are the two types of clauses?

Question #2 True or False? As long as a clause has a subject and a verb it is an independent clause.

Question #3 Give an example of three dependent clause markers (subordinate conjunctions like before).

Question #4 What are the seven coordinating conjunctions? (Hint: FANBOYS)

Question #5 Write a simple sentence.

Question #6 Write a compound sentence with a coordinating conjunction.

Question #7 Simple or Compound Sentence? The girl walked between the desks and accidentally bumped his elbow.

Question #8 Simple or Compound Sentence? Hurry!

Question #9 I went on a walk with my dog; I ended up carrying him home.

Question #10 I ate eggs, bacon, grits, and toast for breakfast.

The famous opening sentence of Leo Tolstoy's Anna Karenina: (1) All happy families resemble one another, but each unhappy family is unhappy in its own way.

Compound-Complex Sentences Most sophisticated type of sentence! Contains 2 Independent clauses and 1 or more dependent clause Since they are longer sentences, it is VERY IMPORTANT to punctuate correctly. EXAMPLE: As the dog howled, one cat sat on the fence, and the other licked its paws.

Complex Sentences Contains an independent clause and 1 or more dependent clauses It always has a subordinator (because, since, after, although, when) (sometimes a That, Who, Which are used) When a complex sentence begins with a subordinator, a comma is REQUIRED at the end of the dependent clause.

Complex Sentences When the independent clause starts the sentence, and the subordinator is in the middle, then NO COMMA IS NEEDED! Examples: When he handed in his homework, he forgot to give the teacher the last page. The teacher returned the homework after she noticed the error.