States of Matter Chapter 2 States of Matter

Anything that takes up space and has mass is matter. 2-1 Matter All matter is made up of tiny particles such as _______, _______, or _____. salt— NaCl water—H 2 O sodium— Na atoms

What determines the state of matter? __________________ and _______________ ____________ between the particles determine a material’s state of matter. These particles _________ and are in ______________.

liquid Three familiar states of matter: ______, _______ and _______. gas solid

________, a fourth states, occurs only at ______________ and is not common on Earth. eg: Plasma on sun. when T>100,000 ℃ H 2 H + + H + + 2e - ionized hydrogen gas

Plasma is common in the universe. Man-made plasmas on our planet. Lighting comet aurora Plasma TV plasma sphere Neon light

I. Solid Solid is matter with ___________ and __________. eg: if you place a rock in a bucket, it doesn’t change shape or size.

Why solids cannot change its shape and volume? A solid’s particles are _____________. They do not have enough energy to _________________ ___________________.

Solids

Particles in crystalline solids are arranged in_________________________________. NaCl (table salt) diamond carbon Chlorine sodium

Particles in amorphous solids have a ________ ____________.

Amorphous solid doesn’t have _____________. When it’s heated, it becomes _____________ until changes to liquid. T( ℃ ) m.p. Time 0 T( ℃ ) Time 0 Heating curve of crystalline solid and amorphous solid.

Rubber glass Plastic bottles

II. Liquid Matter with ____ _________ but _____________ is a liquid. eg: if you pour juice from one container to another, it’ll take the shape of container.

Why liquids can change its shape but can not change its volume? A liquid’s particles have enough energy to ______________________________ but not enough to ________________.

_____________________ Properties of liquid

The slower a liquid flows, the ______its viscosity is. eg: water flow more easily than oil. 1. Viscosity Viscosity is ____________________.

Viscosity: honey > water. Why?  Viscosity increases when _____________ __________________________. “Slow as molasses”  Usually, viscosity increases as the liquid becomes ___________. Attraction between _________________________

Fun fact: The Pitch Drop Experiment Pitch, before and after being hit with a hammer Professor Thomas Parnell heated a sample of pitch and poured it into glass funnel with a sealed stem. It is so viscous that it takes 10 years for a drop to drip.

2. Surface Tension Surface tension is _______________________ _______________________________. non-zero net force—— Particles _________ pulled toward the center of the liquid and sideways along the surface. zero net force— Particles __________ ______ are pulled in all directions

Surface tension causes the liquid to act as if __________________________________. water spider leaf on water

Soap bubble Water bead on leaf air Surface tension will ________________________.

Tug of war

III.Gas III. Gas Matter that ____ ______________ _________. eg: balloon filled with gas can be changed into different shapes.

You can change the volume of gas too. They’re ___________!

Gas particles spread out evenly as far apart as possible. A gas’s particles have enough energy to ______ ____________ and enough energy to ______ ____________.

Think: How will the shape and volume of helium gas change when it escapes from a balloon? Answer:

Vapor: matter that exists in the _______ but is generally ______________ at room temperature. example: water vapor (steam) iodine vapor mercury vapor ……

The state characteristic Attraction force Motion of particles

1.Which description best describes a solid? A) It has a definite shape and volume. B) It has a definite shape but not a definite volume. C) It adjusts to the shape of its container. D) It can flow. 2. Which of these is a crystalline solid? A) glass B) sugar C) rubber D) plastic 3. What property enables you to float a needle on water? A)Viscosity C) surface tension B)Temperature D) crystal structure Learning Check

A B C Pick out the picture that is a good analogy for each of the three states of matter.