How to cope with sprawl ?
Mending the urban fabric Paris Barcelona
Alternatives of development patterns Growth management Residential pattern Transportation Dominant vision: Unlimited low-density growth Market allocate housing & jobs in accord with local zoning & building codes Owner-occupied, single-family detached homes Private automobiles Alternative-1: Limited-spread, mixed-density growth Semi-permeable urban growth boundary Clusters of high- density housing amid larger areas of low- density housing Transit use encouraged Alternative-2: New communities & greenbelts Growth boundaries for designated corridors, new towns, & metro area Similar to no.1 but with housing outside urban boundary clustered in relatively high-density new communities Emphasis on mass transit Alternative-3: Bounded high- density growth Strongly enforced growth boundary & job location planning with housing & transit subsidizes Almost all growth occurs as densification of urban core Heavy reliance on mass transit
Alternative-1 limitation of growth boundary mixed-density growth Limited-spread, mixed-density growth
Alternative-2 new town / new communities greenbelt growth corridor New communities & greenbelts
Alternative-3 strong enforcement of growth boundary densification of urban core high density growth Bounded high-density growth
“Being anti-sprawl is not being anti-growth” (Richard Moe)
city citycity within
City Growth Growth Change Change Urban Development
Growth: Increasing number of inhabitants Increasing number of inhabitants Increase of volume of activities, Increase of volume of activities, especially economic activities especially economic activities Growth & Change Change: Shift of way and pattern of activities Shift of way and pattern of activities Need of new facilities to accommodate Need of new facilities to accommodate new ways and patterns of activities new ways and patterns of activities
NEW TOWN RECLAMATION EXPANSION RENEWAL INFILL REVITALIZATION NEW DEVELOPMENT REDEVELOPMENT URBAN DEVELOPMENT GROWTHCHANGE - TOWN / CITY - DISTRICT - NEIGHBORHOOD - PRECINCT SUSTAINABLE & LIVABLE SPACES
City within City Renewal Renewal Expansion Expansion
City within City - RENEWAL Lot → Block → Superblock Buildings
City within City - RENEWAL Single Use → Multi Use Land Use CITY
MIXED-USE TYPE OF MIXTURE RESIDENTIAL OFFICES SHOPPING RESIDENTIAL OFFICES SHOPPING PUBLIC FACILITIES OPEN SPACE VERTICAL HORIZONTAL
MIXED-USE LEVEL OF LAND COVERAGE BUILDING LOT(KAVELING) BLOCK SUPERBLOCK
Rockefeller Center, New York, 1932 Business, shopping, dining, arts 21 buildings on 6 hectares of land Highest building: 70 stories (255 m) Architects: Reinhard & Hofmeister; Corbett, Harrison & MacMurray; Hood & Fouilhoux
Rockefeller Center, New York GROUND LEVELUNDERGROUND LEVEL
Rockefeller Center, New York