PowerPoint Slides to Accompany Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers Seventh Edition Paul A. Alberto Anne C. Troutman ISBN: 0-13-172203-4 Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior Chapter 7 Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior Review learning through the ABA model Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior Contingent presentation of a consequence Positive reinforcement Contingent removal of an unpleasant consequence Negative reinforcement Naturally occurring reinforcing stimuli are always more desirable but others may be necessary Table 7-1 (pg. 213) illustrates the continuum of reinforcing stimuli from most intrusive to less intrusive

Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior What really is positive reinforcement? What is does it mean that reinforcers must be individualized? What is a reinforcer menu? What is reinforcer sampling? What are some other ways you can determine reinforcers for a student?

Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior What does contingent delivery of reinforcers mean? What does immediately mean? What is the principle of deprivation? What is the principle of satiation? Why are primary reinforcers so subject to satiation? What might be some advantages to primary reinforcers?

Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior Why are secondary reinforcers known as conditioned reinforcers? How does pairing work? What is the Premack Principle? What is a generalized conditioned reinforcer? Why are they so useful? What is a token economy?

Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior Why are social reinforcers so useful? They are natural & can be used often They are available to the teacher all day But, they can also be used accidentally to reinforce inappropriate behavior What is a contingency contract? What advantages do they have?

Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous (CRF): Delivery of reinforcement on a continuous basis Intermittent: Requires greater numbers of correct responses for reinforcement. Delivered under two schedules: ratio schedules and interval schedules. Ratio Schedule: The number of times a target behavior occurs determines the timing of reinforcer delivery. (Fixed/Variable) Interval Schedule: The occurrence of at least one correct response plus the passage of a specific amount of time. (Fixed/Variable) Response-Duration: The continuous amount of time of a target behavior determines the delivery of a reinforcer. (Fixed/Variable) Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Schedules for the Delivery of Reinforcers Intermittent Schedules of Reinforcement SPARSE Ratio Schedules Interval Schedules Response-Duration TH I NN ING FR FI VI FRD VRD VR Nonscheduled Delivery of Reinforcement Naturally Occurring DENSE Alberto & Troutman Applied Behavior Analysis for Teachers, 7e Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved.

Arranging Consequences that Increase Behavior What is ratio strain & why is it important in teaching? What is negative reinforcement? What do we mean by escape & avoidance? What is natural reinforcement? Why is it important?