Perspectives and Methods
Biological Basis of Human Behavior
Sensation and Perception
Learning
Memory
Cognition
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What is a case study?
Research technique in which one person is studied in depth
What is correlation? AND What is the most important thing to remember about correlation?
Extent to which 2 things are related Correlation does NOT equal causation!
What is natural selection?
Traits that contribute to survival will be passed on to succeeding generations
A sample that fairly represents a population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
Random Sample
What is an independent variable? Dependent?
Independent: thing that is manipulated to see if there is a change in the depend. variable Dependent: thing that is influenced by the independent variable
A brief electrical charge that travels down the axon of the neuron
Action Potential
What is your frontal lobe responsible for?
Planning and judgment Motor cortex
The “recharging phase” when a neuron, after firing, cannot generate another action potential
Refractory Period
Part of the brain responsible for emotions like fear and anger
Amygdala
Hormone that is responsible for releasing strength and increasing endurance during stressful situations
Epinephrine
The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information
Perception
Part of the eye that works with the iris to control the amount of light that enters the eye
Pupil
Three tiny bones that pick up and transmit sound waves from the ear drum
Ossicles
Your vestibular sense is controlled by what part of the body?
Semi-circular ear canals
Monocular depth cue that determines depth by noting that parallel lines appear to converge in the distance
Linear Perspective
Process in which an organism produces the same response to two similar stimuli
Generalization
Who is responsible for the BoBo doll experiments?
Albert Bandura
What is negative reinforcement?
Anything that increases the likelihood of a behavior by removing an undesirable event or state
ID the US;UR;CS;CR for Pavlov’s experiment
US: Meat PowderCS: Tuning Fork UR: DroolingCR: Drooling
Interval schedules deal with… Ratio schedules deal with…
Interval: time that has passed by Ratio: number of times something is done
Method of retrevial used by essay, fill-in- the blank, and short answer questions
Recall
Retrieval method used by multiple choice tests
Recognition
Part of your memory you are aware of – often called “working memory”
Short-term memory
What is implicit memory? What part of the brain processes these memories?
Memories of tasks and skills Cerebellum
What is the misinformation effect? Who did research on this?
Incorporating misleading info into one’s memory Elizabeth Loftus
Typical best example of a concept
Prototype
What is the difference between a phoneme and a morpheme?
Phoneme: smallest unit of sound Morpheme: smallest unit of sound with meaning
What is intelligence?
Ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and use knowledge to adapt to a new situation
What is the difference between achievement and aptitude tests?
Achievement: Achievement: Tests that attempt to measure what the test-taker has accomplished Aptitude: Aptitude: Tests that attempt to predict the test-taker’s future performance
What is validity?
Extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is suppose to