October 11, 2010 Equipped with his five senses, man explores the universe around him and calls the adventure Science. – ~Edwin Powell Hubble, The Nature of Science, 1954

Don’t forget the Greenhouse effect online discussion. READ THE RUBRIC FIRST!! Due OCT 18

The Chemistry of Life (Biochemistry) active site amino acids Benedict’s solution biomolecule Biuret’s carbohydrate catalyst cellulose

More Vocabulary enzyme fats fatty acids glucose glycerol glycogen hemoglobin

More Vocabulary insulin Iodine lipid lock and key model monosaccharides nucleic acid

More Vocabulary deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) nucleotide peptide bond protein ribonucleic acid (RNA) starch substrate

Vocabulary assignment Vocabulary is important. By Friday, make a stack of index cards with the words on one side and the definition or meaning on the other On some of these, an illustration would also be appropriate

Essential Question (EQ): What is life made of? All existence is made of matter and/or energy (shut up about anti- matter and dark matter) Energy = Light, radiation, heat, etc Matter = has mass, takes up space

Matter Anything that has mass and takes up space. What does this mean? We will be dealing with matter right now

Matter Made of atoms Atoms are the smallest part of a substance that has the characteristics of that substance. In other words, an atom of gold is still gold, an atom of hydrogen is still hydrogen

Atoms Made of electrons, protons, and neutrons Electrons are outside, protons and neutrons inside Electrons have a negative charge Protons have a positive charge Neutrons are neutral builders.org/lessons/less/les4/genes/atom_2.jpg

Atoms and elements Because electrons are on the outside, they determine how atoms react The number of protons and electrons in a typical atom are equal. The number of neutrons may vary. Atoms of the same element with differing numbers of neutrons are called isotopes and are often radioactive

Molecules Two or more atoms join together to form molecules. Molecules with more than one element are called compounds water_molecule_3dsvg1.png

Compounds Compounds have more than one element They are a subset of molecules This compound, from broccoli is indole-3- carbinol is undergoing clinical trials in humans because it was found to stop the growth of breast and prostate cancer cells in mice /12/images/broccoli- diagram.jpg&imgrefurl= ole.shtml&usg=__7NvrggULbZkZw5RO9OD03G6c1so=&h=224&w=250&sz=9& hl=en&start=11&sig2=t781ZhDVIMyoYI- dot1bcg&zoom=1&um=1&itbs=1&tbnid=Jw0PFT9sKm08GM:&tbnh=99&tbnw=1 11&prev=/images%3Fq%3Ddiagram%2Bcompound%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den %26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us:IE- SearchBox%26rlz%3D1I7ADBR_en%26tbs%3Disch:1&ei=yD2yTP3- D4P58Abr6sjICw

Basic types of organic molecules Organic means “from life” Types are proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids

Solutions Basically, life takes place dissolved in water. Water is known as the universal solvent because it dissolves more substances than anything else we know

Classes of organic chemicals, the basics There are 4 main types of organic molecules Proteins Carbohydrates Lipids Nucleic Acids

Proteins What do proteins do in living things? Examples: insulin, hemoglobin, enzymes, muscles, hormones, hair Test for proteins is Biurets solution Proteins are made of subunits of amino acids The complicated shape of proteins is very important

Proteins -Control the rate of reactions -Regulate cell processes -Form bones and muscles -Transport substances into or out of cells -Help to fight disease

Enzymes Enzymes are the protein molecules which are involved in the metabolic reactions in the body. There is a particular enzyme for each reaction Can speed up, slow down, or cause a reaction to occur

Hormones Are proteins which act as chemical messengers Usually smaller than enzymes Still have specific shapes of_the_month/images/hormones.gif