Chapter 1: The Science of Biology Pages: 2 & 3

What is science? 1) An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world. 2) The body of knowledge that scientists have built up after years of using this process.

What are the goals of science?  To investigate  To understand  To explain events  To make predictions

How to Think Like a Scientist  Observations  Use the five senses  Data  Information gathered from the observations  Inference  Logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience  Hypothesis  Proposed explanation of your observation

How Scientists Work  The Scientific Method  Step #1 – Ask a Question  Step #2 – Form a Hypothesis ( I think) (If … Then…) ( statements of cause)

How Scientists Work (cont.)  The Scientific Method (cont.)  Step #3 – Controlled Experiment  Step #4 – Analysis May involve many things : math, charts graphs…

How Scientists Work (cont.)  The Scientific Method (cont.)  Step #5 – Draw a Conclusion  Do your results support hypothesis?  Step #6- Theory  A well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations  Many Trials

Redi’s Experiment disproving spontaneous generation pgs. 8-9  Observation?  Hypothesis?  Experiment..  Explain why his experiment disproves spontaneous generation

Lazzaro Spallanzani’s test of Redi’s findings Boiling kills microorganisms Sealed flask Flask is open Teeming with microorganisms Free of microorganisms

Pasteur “definitively” disproves spontaneous generation Broth is boiled Broth is sterile indefinitely Broth sits and no microbes appear

Pasteur “definitively” disproves spontaneous generation Sterile broth sits in flask Flask tilts and broth comes into contact with dust Microbes appear immediately

How is a theory developed?  A particular hypothesis may become so well supported due to evidence from numerous investigations that scientists may consider it a theory. THEORY: “Generation from Life” PasteurSpallanzaniRedi

When Experiment are NOT Possible pg 14  Examples of when an experiment is not possible  Why?  What other methods are possible?

What is a Theory?  Explain the theory or theories about why marsupials are primarily in Australia

Characteristics of Living Things 1. Living things are made up of units called cells.

Characteristics of Living Things 2. Living things reproduce

Characteristics of Living Things 3. Living things are based on a universal genetic code.

Characteristics of Living Things 4. Living things grow and develop

Characteristics of Living Things 5. Living things obtain and use materials and energy

Characteristics of Living Things 6. Living things respond to their environment.

Characteristics of Living Things 7. Living things maintain a stable internal environment

Characteristics of Living Things 8. Taken as a group, living things change over time

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 1)Molecules

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 2)Cells

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 3)Groups of Cells Tissues Organs Organ Systems

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 4)Organism

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 5)Population all the members of one species in an area

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 6)Community all the members of the different interacting species in an area

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 7)Ecosystem all the members of a community plus the abiotic (physical) factors Influencing them

Levels of Organization from smallest to largest 8) Biosphere entire region of the earth where living things may be found

Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 1 )Metric System

Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 2)Graphs

Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 3) Microscopes  Types of Microscopes  Light Microscope

Tools and Procedures that Scientists Use 3) Microscopes  Types of Microscopes  Electron Microscope

Laboratory Techniques  Cell Culture  Cell Fractionation